考研英语一2009text1(考研英语一2006真题答案解析)

text 1habits are a funny thing. we reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious?comfort of familiar routine. carries a negative implication
21. the wordsworth’s view, “habits”

is claimed by being ________.
a. casual ??????b. familiar ????c. mechanical ???d. changeable
题目类型：主旨题
这道题其实是考单词，文中含义非常简单，习惯是无意识的，无意识的来无意识的去，所以只要大家认识mechanical有无意识的意思即可选对，正确答案c选项
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so it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. but brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.
22. brain researchers have discovered that the formation of new habits can be ________
a. predicted ???b. regulated ???c. traced ???????d. guided
题目类型：主旨题
讲一个小故事：习惯是无意识的，所以将他和创新以及创造力一起讨论就有点儿矛盾了，但是我们最新发现：如果我们有意识的让新习惯形成，他可以绕开老习惯所组成的路径，在新的地方开天辟地，形成新的路径，进行革新和创新。
好所以这道题读懂了将会非常简单，我们可以从故事中看出来，前面一直在说习惯无意识的，所以并没有创造力；但是最新发现是，如果我们有意识的培养新习惯，将会有创造力，且与老习惯不同，所以我们要选的词必须包含这种转变！也就是我们从无意识的习惯转变成有意识培养习惯变成创造力的
a预测的：只强调了后者，也就是现在新习惯的创新，可以预测的，并未提及转变。
b管理的：文中并未提及管理，所以b直接排除
c追踪的：和a一样，都是说到了新习惯，也就是后者，是创新的，可以追踪到的，但未提前者
d指导的：指导这个词含义就不一样了，指导代表着前和后，前也就是无意识的习惯，而后则是新习惯的形成变得革新，所以一个词概括了前后的变化，绝对是最佳选项！d正确
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rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. in fact, the more new things we try—the more we step outside our comfort zone—the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.
but don once those?ruts?of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, theyre there to stay. instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.
23. the word ( line 1, paragraph 4) is closest meaning to ________
a. tracks ??????b. series ??????c. characteristics ?d. connections
题目类型：主旨题
讲一个小故事：别想着有了新习惯就把老的给整走，一旦习惯形成，也就是（）嵌入海马体，他们就待在那儿了，之后我们又培养的新习惯可以跳过这些待在那儿的老路径创造新的路径
我觉得这个绝对是考语文阅读理解，而且是小学题目，非常简单，大家读完上面一段如果还不能想到（）应该是路径的话，其实是语文不过关，非常的危险！所以这道题正确选项a选项。
says dawna markova, author of but?we are taught instead to
24. dawna markova would most probably agree that ________.
a. ideas are born of a relaxing mind
b. innovativeness could be taught
c. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas
d. curiosity activates creative minds
题目类型：细节题
a选项：单词命题法
属于加定语；文中并未提及放松这种含义的形容词，所以a排除
b选项：同义替换命题法
属于换对象；首先定位到taught这个词，文中颜色部分，我们可以发现：人们交给我们去决策，同志们是决策需要被教，而不是创新需要被教，而文章中决策和创新是两个相悖的含义，所以b排除
c选项：主旨相反命题法
决策来自于新奇的想法；文中说的决策是代表着固化思维的含义，而创新才是来自新奇的想法，主旨相反，c排除
d选项：正确选项：好奇促使创新
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all of us work through problems in ways of which were unaware, she says. researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. at the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.
the current emphasis on standardized testing?highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. explains m. j. ryan, author of the 2006 book?this year i will... and ms. markova this is where developing new habits comes in.
25. ryans comments suggest that the practice of standardized testing ________
a, prevents new habits form being formed
b, no longer emphasizes commonness
c, maintains the inherent american thinking model
d, complies with the american belief system
题目类型:细节题
a选项：正确选项，主旨相同，且细节并无错误
文中：标准测试意味着基本没有人天生就能用一种创造性思维模式
选项：标准测试阻止了新习惯的形成
出现推论：是谁阻止了新习惯的形成？是标准测试嘛？通过全文中心，的确推出是标准测试阻止了新习惯的形成，因为后文提到标准测试强调了平庸
b选项：主旨相反命题法
文中是标准系统和信仰系统都是一样的，强调了平庸，所以b主旨相反
c选项：推论命题法
属于推内容；
文中提到：很少有人天生用创新的思考方式；
选项：美国固有的思考模型，请问这个固有思考模型是创新还是平庸呢？假设大家把文中的思考方式理解成思考模型，那这种思考模型应该是注重创新的，那选项说这个标准测试维持了创新，显然与主旨相反；但是真正的错误点，其实在于思考方式并非思考模型，这个推论首先存在扩大概念的嫌疑，其次如果你没发现这么推论是错的，推出来之后也是主旨相反，所以c选项我们排除。
d选项：主旨相反命题法
文中提到标准测试打破了信仰体系；并非符合，所以d排除