【考研英语】题源外刊第67期新的安全网络_The(考研英语网课)

原标题：【考研英语】题源外刊第67期：新的安全网络


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原文期刊：经济学人

the new safety net

考研英语阅读话题-社会

通用福利金universal credit是英国保守党政府推出的一项重要福利改革，把过去的收入保障津贴、基于收入的求职者津贴、住房补贴和儿童税收抵免等6种津贴统合为通用福利金。

本文是来自《经济学人》2018年6月2日的一篇文章。文章主要分析了英国拟在2022年全面实施的通用福利的优缺点，并对其表达了乐观期待。

文章脉络：指出问题（第一段）——分析优势（第二段）——指出不足（第三至六段）——表达乐观期待（第七段）

part 1

原文

i ①brexit may get all the headlines, but for millions of britons another change is looming which could have an even bigger impact on their lives. ②by 2022 the government hopes to have fully implemented “universal credit”, the biggest shake-up of the welfare system in decades. ③many aims of the scheme are laudable. ④but it is plagued with problems that could spell trouble for its recipients—and for the government.

ii ①one of its appeals is its apparent simplicity. ②rather than having to supply personal information again and again to different government bodies, in theory claimants need do so only once, points out david finch of the resolution foundation, a think-tank. ③by merging six payments into one, claimants are less likely to miss benefits to which they are entitled. ④simplification also removes some of the perverse incentives of the old system, under which some claimants faced marginal tax rates of up to 100%.

iii ①yet this simplicity also has downsides. ②take the way that universal credit is paid. ③claimants generally receive a single payment once a month. ④that arrangement rationalises what was a mish-mash of disbursements under the old system. ⑤it also mimics the way that most employees are paid. ⑥but over a tenth of employees are paid weekly, and the share is higher among low earners, who are most likely to receive universal credit. ⑦a recent official memo points out that “for some claimants this change of payment frequency on transition to uc has been challenging and has led to rent arrears.”

iv ①claimants also appear to be struggling with the conditions attached to receiving benefits, which have been tightened for many people under universal credit. ②as of early 2018 about 4% of universal-credit claimants were being “sanctioned” for breaking their commitments, resulting in a lower payment. ③david webster of glasgow university suggests that the sanction rate for unemployed universal-credit claimants is about twice that under the old unemployment benefit.

v ①however, the biggest problem facing universal credit has been poor implementation. ②claimants generally must wait for five weeks before receiving their first payment, as employees often do when they start a new job. ③plenty of those moving onto universal credit have practically no financial assets, making this a painful wait.

vi ①the upside to a tougher benefits system could be higher employment. ②yet paul johnson of the institute for fiscal studies, a think-tank, has said that the impact on employment is “highly uncertain”. ③evidence so far suggests that it may be less impressive than the government hopes. ④our analysis finds that the employment rate in areas where universal credit has been introduced has grown no faster than in areas where it has not. ⑤joblessness is already very low; the minority that cannot find work probably require intensive training rather than changes to the way that benefits are administered.

ⅶ ①with universal credit being rolled out bit by bit, the government can adjust the scheme as it goes along. ②in the budget in november, philip hammond, the current chancellor, bumped up the transitional loans to which claimants are entitled as they await their first payment. ③it is getting easier for claimants to have their money paid directly to landlords, so that they do not fall in to rent arrears.

part 2

词汇短语

1.brexit 英国脱欧

2.implement [??mpl?m?nt] vt. 实施，执行；使生效，实现；落实（政策）

3.scheme [skim] n. 计划；体系

4.laudable[?l?d?b?l]adj. 值得赞美的

5.plague[pleɡ] vt. 困扰、使受折磨

6.recipient [r??s?pi?nt] n. 接受者

7.apparent [??p?r?nt] adj. 易看见的，可看见的；显然的

8.claimant [?klem?nt]n. 原告；索取者

9.think-tank 智囊团

10. merge [m?rd?] vt.& vi. （使）混合；相融；融入

11.entitle [?n?ta?tl]vt. 使有资格；给…定名；给与…权利；

12. *perverse [p?r?v?rs]adj. 不正当的

13.incentive [?n?s?nt?v]n. 动机；刺激；诱因

14.marginal [?mɑrd??nl] adj. 边的，边缘的

15.downside[?da?n?sa?d] n. 下降趋势；负面，消极面

16.rationalise ['r???n??la?z] vt. 使合理化

17.*mish-mash ['m??m'??] n. 杂烩，混杂物

18.disbursement [d?s?b?sm?nt] n. 支付，支出；支付款

19.mimic [?m?m?k] vt. 模仿，学样；摹拟

20.* arrear [?'r?r] n. 欠款

21.tighten [?ta?tn] vt.& vi. 收紧；（使）变紧；（使）绷紧

22.sanction [?s??k??n] n. 制裁，处罚；批准，认可

23.implementation [??mpl?m?n?tei??n] n. 实施、贯彻

24.asset[??s?et] n. 资产，财产

25.upside [??p?sa?d] n. 好处；上边；（糟糕局面的）好的一面

26.administer [?d?m?n?st?] vt. 管理；治理（国家）

27.roll out[ro?l] vi. 逐渐展开

28.budget[?b?d??t] n. 预算；预算案；预算拨款

29.bump up增加，提高

30.transitional [tr?n's???nl] adj. 变迁的，过渡期的；渐变的，转变的

31.await [??wet] vt. 等候；等待；期待

32.landlord [?l?ndl?rd] n. 房东，地主；店主

（注:标*号为超纲词）

part 3

长难句语法点拨

本句由but连接两个句子，前一个分句主谓宾结构，后一个主谓结构，which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个分句，表示该内容产生的后果。

part 3

写作句型借鉴

many aims of the scheme are laudable. but it is plagued with problems that could spell trouble for sb.这个计划的许多目标是值得称赞的。但它面临的问题可能会给某人带来麻烦。

原文例句：many aims of the scheme are laudable. but it is plagued with problems that could spell trouble for its recipients—and for the government. 这个计划的许多目标是值得称赞的。但它面临的问题可能会给它的接受者和政府带来麻烦。

描述事物的优缺点：

one of its appeals is its aa. …（展开描述aa）…yet aa also has downsides. （描述aa不好的方面）

the upside to xx could be ……xx的好处是……

原文例句：one of its appeals is its apparent simplicity. …（描述好的方面）…yet this simplicity also has downsides. （描述坏的方面）the upside to a tougher benefits system could be higher employment.更严格的福利体系的好处是更高的就业率，但财政研究所(一个智囊团)的paul johnson表示，它对就业的影响“非常不确定”。

with xx being rolled out bit by bit, the government can adjust the scheme as it goes along. 随着xx逐步推出，政府可以随计划进行调整。

原文例句：with universal credit being rolled out bit by bit, the government can adjust the scheme as it goes along. 随着通用福利逐步推出，政府可以随计划进行调整。

……

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