23考研外刊阅读《经济学人》双语精读版训练--如何避免对全球化的...

??Kleijne and her team found that the majority of these technologies failed to meet these criteria, with 32 of the 40 emitting more carbon than they captured.

科雷金及其团队发现，大多数此类技术都不符合这些标准，40种技术中有32种碳排放量要大于自身的捕获量。

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研究第一波全球化如何结束有助于守护好第二波全球化进程。

双语阅读

Simple trade theory predicts that as differences in the prices of traded goods shrink, the cost of factors of production like land and labour should likewiseconverge. Experience in the 19th centuryborethisout. As waves of American grainspilledinto Europeanports, land prices in Europe tumbled toward those across the pond. In America, the real price of land tripled between 1870 and 1913, while in Britain, it dropped by nearly 60%.

根据简单的贸易理论，随着贸易商品的价格差异缩小，土地和劳动力等生产要素的成本也会趋同。19世纪的经验证实了这一点。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~在1870年到1913年间，美国土地的实际价格上涨了两倍，而英国土地价格却下跌了近60%。

Real wages converged as well, although the authors note this owed more to migration than trade. Nineteenth-century migrant flows were unlike anything in recent memory. Between 1870 and 1910 they reduced Sweden’s labour force by 20% relative to what it otherwise would have been, and increased America’s by 24%. These flows transformed labour markets. Real wages earned by unskilled labourers in Ireland rose from roughly 60% of the British level in the 1840s to 90% in 1914, thanks entirely to Irish emigration.

实际工资也趋于一致，不过《全球化与历史》的作者指出这更多是因为移民而非贸易所致。19世纪的移民潮与今天的人们记忆所及的任何一次都不一样。1870年到1910年间，移民潮让瑞典的劳动力减少了20%（相比没有移民的情况），而让美国的劳动力增加了24%。这些人员流动改变了劳动力市场。爱尔兰非技术型工人的实际工资从1840年代约相当于英国水平的60%上升到1914年的90%，而这完全是爱尔兰人移居国外带来的。

How much can really be learned from such a different world? Today, migration matters much less than it did in the 19th century. Skilled workers account for a far larger share of rich-world workforces, and are protected by modern regulations and social safety-nets. Trade consists not only ofbulkcommodity shipments, but of components imported and exported multiple times along complex supply chains. Forget telegraphs; in meetings today people chat face-to-face with colleagues


on other continents.

我们究竟能从一个如此不同的世界学到多少东西？今天，移民的影响远不及19世纪。技术工人占富裕国家劳动力的比例要大得多，而且受到现代法规和社会保障体系的保护。贸易不仅包括大宗商品的运输，还包括通过复杂的供应链多次进出口的零部件。别提什么电报了，如今人们在开会时可以和身处其他大洲的同事面对面地交谈。

Yet a number of lessons appear relevant. Start with the issue of convergence in incomes across countries. Much of modern theorising about convergence focuses on the role of capital accumulation and technological progress. Poor countries grow rich, in these models, because they invest more and adopt more sophisticated technologies.

但还是能找到一些有益的经验。先从各国收入趋同的问题说起。现代有关趋同的理论研究大多聚焦于资本积累和技术进步的作用。根据这些理论模式，穷国因为加大投资和采用更先进的技术而变得富裕。

But in the 19th century the integration of markets drove convergence: a force which has also been at work in recent decades. The narrowing gap between American and Chinese wages is in part a story of Chinese technological progress. Yet it is also one in which hundreds of millions of Chinese workers began participating in a global economy, making low-skilled labour more abundant globally and contributing to weaker blue-collarwage growth and higher inequality in rich countries.

而在19世纪，收入趋同是由市场一体化推动的——最近几十年这股力量也在发挥作用。美国和中国工资差距的缩小一定程度上是中国技术进步的结果。不过还有一个原因是数以亿计的中国工人开始参与全球经济，让全球低技能的劳动力更加充足，从而导致富裕国家的蓝领工资增长疲软以及不平等加剧。

本文节选自：The Economist（经济学人）

发布时间：2022.03.04

词汇积累

1.converge

英 /k??n??v????d??/ 美 /k??n??v????d??/

v. (使)汇聚，集中; (观点、目标)趋同; (数)收敛

2.spill

英 /sp??l/ 美 /sp??l/

v. (使)洒出，溢出; 洒落; 涌出；倾泻在……上; 向(某人)说出秘密

n. 洒出(量)，溢出(量); (从马、自行车上等的)摔下，跌下; (点火用的)纸捻，木片; 小塞子

3.port

英 /p????t/ 美 /p????t/

n. 港口，避风港; 口岸，港口城市; (计算机)端口，接口; (船、飞机等的)舷门

v. 转移，移植(软件); 使(船，舵)向左转

4.bulk

英 /b??lk/ 美 /b??lk/

n. 主体，大部分; 庞大的身躯，肥硕的体形; (巨大的)容积，体积

v. 使(产品)数量显得很大; 结合(待售的股票或商品)

adj. 大批的，大宗的

5.collar

英 /??k??l??/ 美 /??k??l??/

n. 衣领，领口; 颈圈; (股票交易的)项圈策略

v. 抓住，逮捕; 拦住(以便与之谈话)

词组搭配

1.bore out 钻孔；证实；显出

写作句总结

Yet a number of lessons appear relevant.

结构: Yet a number of … appear relevant.

但还是能找到一些有益的…

例句: Yet a number of inferences appear relevant.

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