考研英语 词义题解题工具箱

择要：每一年的考研英语浏览理解中城市呈现词义题，词义题的考查其实不是在直接考单词的识记，而是考查学生对上下文的理解能力和阐发能力，此类题详细的解决方案若何呢？请当真浏览下文。

在英语进修中，咱们天然会碰到很多生词。这时候，很多人当即翻阅字典，查找词义。实在，这类做法是不科学的。它不单费时费劲，并且影响浏览速率。究竟上，浏览 材猜中的每一个词与它先后的词语或句子乃至段落有着相互制约的瓜葛。咱们可以操纵语境(各类已知信息)猜测、果断某些生词的词义，由于考研浏览部门的辞汇题 要考的其实不是考生认不熟悉题中所考的单词，真正要考的是考生浏览中的揣度能力，也就是说题中所考单词的词义一定能按照上下文揣度出来。揣度出词义后，可将 词义代入原文看是不是畅达来果断本身的猜测是不是正确。
　　比方2003年第54题：
　　Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone’s cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It’s a theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?”asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shippers.
　　The word“arbiters”most probably refers to those_________.
　　[A] who work as coordinators
　　[B] who function as judges
　　[C] who supervise transactions
　　[D] who determine the price
　　该题的解题关头在于是不是晓得arbiters后的介宾短语of who wins and who loses in the marketplace就是对该词的最正确界说，根据该介宾短语，不可贵出arbiters是决议谁输谁赢的人，四个选项中只有B选项和这个意思最为靠近。
　　再例2004年第43题：
　　For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you want to do—then broaden it.“None of these programs do that,”says another expert.
　　“There's no career counseling implicit in all of this.”Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again.“I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,”says the author of a job-searching guide.
　　The expression“tip service”most probably means .
　　[A] advisory
　　[B] compensation
　　[C] interaction
　　[D] reminder
　　该题的解题关头在于充实操纵分号，分号前面的短语use the agent as a kind of tip service和分号后的consider it a reminder属于并列瓜葛，it和the agent都是指的文章中所说的搜刮代办署理，天然咱们就找到了tip service的同义词reminder。以是该题谜底D。
　　按照考研英语浏览理解词义题破解的整体原则，可以总结出两种详细的词义题解题法子：
　　一、内涵逻辑瓜葛法。即按照内涵逻辑瓜葛猜测词义是指应用说话常识阐发和果断相干信息之间存在的逻辑瓜葛，然后按照逻辑瓜葛揣度生词词义或大致义域。
　　a.按照比拟瓜葛猜想词义
　　在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或征象举行比拟性的描写，咱们可以按照生词或难词的反义词猜想其词义。比方：
　　Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.该例中supercilious对很多人来讲多是个生词，可是句中短语in contrast，(相比照的，相比拟的)可以提醒咱们supercilious和后面词组humble and modest(谦卑又谦善)是比拟瓜葛。阐发出这类瓜葛后，咱们便能猜出supercilious意为“才高气傲的，狂妄的”。
　　暗示比拟瓜葛的辞汇和短语主如果unlike，not，but，however，despite，in spite of，in contrast和while指导的并列句等。比方，A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones.该句中并未呈现上面提到的暗示比拟瓜葛的词或短语，可是经由过程上下文可以果断出句子先后是比拟瓜葛，即把纯熟工人与非纯熟工人区分隔。这时候咱们也可以或许揣度诞生词adept的词义为“纯熟的”。
　　b.按照比力瓜葛猜想词义
　　同比拟瓜葛相反，比力瓜葛暗示意义上的类似瓜葛。
　　比方：Green loves to talk，and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
　　该句中副词similarly表白短语loves to talk与生词loquacious之间的比力瓜葛。以此可以揣度出loquacious词义为“健谈的”。暗示比力瓜葛的词和短语主如果similarly，like，just as，also等。
　　c.按照因果瓜葛猜想词义
　　在句子或段落种，若两个事物、征象之间组成因果瓜葛，咱们可以按照这类逻辑瓜葛推知生词词义。
　　比方：Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.按照缘由状语从句的内容，咱们可以揣度诞生词autocratic指“刚愎自用的”。There were so many demonstrators in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd.此句为成果状语从句，按照从句的描写“很多请愿者”，咱们即可推知elbow的词意“挤，挤过”。
　　d.按照同义词的替换瓜葛猜想词义
　　在句子或段落种，咱们可以操纵认识的词语，按照说话情况揣度生词词义。
　　比方：Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future.作者为防止反复利用endanger一词，用其同义词jeopardize来替换它，由此推知其词义为“使……堕入伤害，危及、风险”。
　　Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.句中detrimental是个生词，但果断出harmful替换detrimental后，不难揣度出其词义为“晦气的，有害的”。
　　二、外部相干身分法。外部相干身分是指篇章(句子或段落)之外的其他常识。有时仅靠阐发篇章内涵逻辑瓜葛没法猜出词义。这时候就必要应用糊口履历和平凡知识肯定词义。
　　比方：Husband：It’s really cold out tonight. Wife: Sure it is. My hands are practically numb. How about lighting the furnace?按照糊口履历，气候严寒时，手必定是“冻僵的，冻得麻痹的”。
　　The snake slithered through the grass.按照有关蛇的糊口习性的常识，咱们可以揣度出slither词义为“爬行”。
　　在猜想词义进程中，除利用上面提到的一些技能，咱们还可以寄托构词方面的常识，从生词自己猜想词义。
　　别的操纵词缀亦不失为一种有用的手腕。
　　a.按照前缀猜想词义
　　


比方：He fell into a ditch and lay there, semiconscious, for a few minutes.按照词根conscious(苏醒的，成心识的)，连系前缀semi(半，部门的，不彻底的)， 咱们即可猜出semiconscious词义“半苏醒的，半昏倒的”。I’m illiterate about such things.词根literate意为“有文化涵养的，知晓的”，前缀il暗示否认，是以illiterate指“一窍欠亨，不晓得的”。
　　b.按照后缀猜想词义
　　比方：Insecticide is applied where it is needed.后缀cide暗示“杀者，杀灭剂”，连系大师认识的词根insect(虫豸)，不难猜出insecticide意为“杀虫剂”。Then the vapor may change into droplets.后缀let暗示“小的”，词根drop指“滴，滴状物”。将两个意思连系起来，即可揣度出droplet词义“小滴，微滴”。
　　c.按照复合词的各部门猜想词义
　　比方：Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil output. highlight也许是一个生词，可是阐发该词布局后，就可以猜测出其寄义。它是由high(高的，强的)和light(光芒)两部门构成，合在一块儿即是“以强光照耀，使凸起”的意思。Bullfight is very popular inSpain. Bull(公牛)和fight(打，奋斗)连系在一块儿，指一种在西班牙很是风行的体育活动——斗牛。
　　在纯熟把握按照上下文猜测生词寄义的同时，考生也应重点防止如下两种环境：第一，随意猜一个选项，如许毛病率很高。第二，没有把握浏览辞汇题的根基命题原 则，落入命题专家的圈套，不知不觉地失了分。以是考生在碰到浏览中的


辞汇题时，必定要岑寂，当真在上下文中寻觅相干信息。这是一项很是首要的浏览技能。可 以让咱们解除生词的停滞，充实理解文章的思惟内容，提高浏览速率。

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