研讨生考试英语(二)2021年真题(社会生英语有什么考试)
2023-12-17 07:51:36
考研全封闭辅导班
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[摘要]
是新兄弟吗？记住先点上方蓝字重视我做题哦～ 答题时刻：150 分钟 总题数：44 题 总分：110 分类 点击每题下方空白处，查看答案 查看题干 directions：read the following text. choose the best word (s) for each numbered...
weighingyourselfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofanysignificantweightfluctuations._1_, when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it_2_.
as for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically activetofocusing_3_on the scale. that was bad to my overall fitnessgoals.ihadgainedweightintheformofmusclemass,butthinkingonlyof_4_thenumberonthescale, ialteredmytraining program. thatconflictedwithhow ineededtotrainto_5_my goals.
i also found weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate_6_of the hard work and progress i was making in the gym. it takes about three weeks to a month to notice significant changes inweight_7_altering your training program.themost_8_changeswillbeobservedinskill level, strength and inches lost.
for these_9_, i stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule_10_. sinceweight loss is not my goal, itis less important for me to_11_my weight each week. weighing every other week allows metoobserve and_12_anysignificant weight changes. that tells me whether i need to_13_my trainingprogram.
i also use mybimonthlyweigh-in_14_to get information about my nutrition as well.ifmy trainingintensityremains the same,buti'm constantly _15_ and dropping weight, this is a _16_that i need to increase my daily caloric intake.
the_17_tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhas donewondersformyoverallhealth, fitness and well-being. i am experiencing increased zeal for working out since inolongercarrytheburden of a_18_morningweigh-in.i've also experienced greatersuccessinachievingmy specific fitnessgoals,_19_i'm training according to those goals, instead of numbers onascale.
ratherthan_20_over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energylevel.
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text 1
unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later,in conjunctionwitha child'sgrowinggrasp of social and moral norms. childrenaren'tborn knowing how to say“i'm sorry”; rather,theylearnovertimethat such statementsappeaseparentsandfriends-and their own consciences. this is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.
in the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. itevokesfreud'sreligioushang-ups.moreimportant,guiltisdeeplyuncomfortable- it'sthe emotional equivalentofwearingajacketweightedwithstones.whowouldinflictituponachild? yet this understanding is outdated. “there has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” says vaish, a psychology researcher at the university of virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren't binary- feeling that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful inanother. jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. too much happiness (think mania) can be destructive.
and guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encouragehumans to atone for errors and fix relationships. guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. it is a kind of social glue.
viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. work by tina malti, a psychology professor atthe university of toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. in a number of studies, malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy (and its closecousinempathy) may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. some kids who are low in sympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmoreguilt,whichcanreinintheirnastier impulses. and vice versa: high sympathy can substitute for lowguilt.
in a 2014 study, for example, malti and a colleague looked at 244 children, ages 4, 8, and 12.usingcaregiverassessmentsandthe children’sself-observation,they rated each child's overallsympathyleveland hisorher tendencytofeelnegativeemotions(likeguilt and sadness) after moral transgressions. then the kids were handed stickers and chocolate coins, and given a chance tosharethemwithananonymouschild.forthelow-sympathykids,how much theysharedappeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. the guilt-prone ones shared more,eventhoughtheyhadn'tmagically become more sympathetic to the otherchild'sdeprivation.
“that's good news,”malti says.“we can beprosocialbecause we caused harm and we feel regret.”
researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help_.
according to paragraph 2, many people still guilt to be_.
vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that_.
malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing_.
the word “transgressions” (para5) is closest in meaning to_.
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thankfully,there isa wayoutofthistrap-butitinvolvesstrikinga subtle balance. helping forests flourish as valuable "carbon sinks" long into the future may require reducing theircapacityto sequester carbon now. california is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.
the state's proposed forest carbon plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest, including by controlled burning. this temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. but the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture,so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from theair.healthytreesare also better able to fend off bark beetles. the landscape is rendered less combustible. even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.
the need for such planning is increasingly urgent. already, since 2010, drought and beetleshave killed more than 100 million trees in california, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have scorched hundreds of thousands of acres.
california'splan envisions treating 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2021, and 60,000 by 2030-financed from the proceeds of the state's emissions-permit auctions. that's only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, an estimated half a million acres in all, so it will be important to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire ordrought.
the strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is?locked away in the form of solid lumber, burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise runon fossil fuels, or used in compost or animal feed. new research on transportation biofuels is under way, and the state plans to encourage lumber production close to forest lands. in future the state proposes to take an inventory of its forests' carbon-storing capacity every five years.
state governments are well accustomed to managing forests, including those owned by theu.s. forest service, but traditionally they've focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. california's plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor early next year,should serve as a model.
26【单选】(总分2分)
“ one of the harder challenges” implies_
to maintain forests as valuable 'carbon sinks', we may need to_
california's forest carbon plan endeavors to_
what is essential to california's plan according to para. 5?
the author's attitude toward california's plan can be best described as_
efforts to create a more straightforward agricultural-workers visa that would enable foreignworkerstostaylongerintheu.s.andchangejobswithintheindustryhavesofarfailedincongress.if thisdoesn'tchange, american businesses, communities and consumerswillbe the losers.
perhaps half of u.s. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. as fewersuch workers enter the u.s., the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. today's farm laborers, while still predominantly born in mexico, are more likely to be settled, ratherthan migrating, and more likely to be married than single. they are also aging. at the startofthis century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. now, more than half are.andcrop picking is hard on older bodies.one oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it has been allalong: native u.s.workerswon'tbe returning to the farm.
in a study published in 2013, economist michael clemens analyzed 15 years of data on north carolina's farm-labor market and concluded,“thereisvirtuallynosupplyofnativemanual farm laborers” in the state. this was true even in the depths of a severerecession.
mechanizationis not the answer either-not yet at least. production of corn, cotton,rice,soybeans and wheat havebeen largelymechanized, butmanyhigh-value,labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. even dairy farms, where robots currently do only a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they areautomated.
as a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant ontemporaryguest workersusingthe h-2a visa to fill the gaps in theagriculturalworkforce.startingaround 2012, requests forthe visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more thandoubled.
the h-2a visa has no numerical cap, unlike the h-2b visa for nonagricultural work, which islimited to 66,000 annually. even so, employers frequently complain thattheyaren'tallottedworkers they need. the process is cumbersome, expensive and unreliable. one survey foundthatbureaucratic delays led h-2a workers to arrive on the job an average of 22 days late. and theshortageiscompoundedbyfederalimmigrationraids, which remove some workers and drive othersunderground.
ina2012surveybythecaliforniafarmbureau, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. some western growers haverespondedbymovingoperations to mexico. without reliable access to a reliable workforce, more growers will be tempted to movesouth.
accordingtoareportbythepartnershipforanewamericaneconomy, americansareconsuming more fresh produce, which is good. but a rising share of it is grown elsewhere. in 1998-2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit americans consumed was imported. little more than a decade later, the share of imported fruit had increased to 25.8 percent. rural u.s. communities that might havebenefiteddidn't.
in effect, the u.s. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it. the u.s. needs a simpler, streamlined, multi-year visa for agricultural workers, accompanied by measures to guard against exploitation and a viable path to u.s. residency for workers who meet the requirements. otherwise growers will continue to struggle with shortages and uncertainty, and the country as a whole will lose out.
31【单选】(总分2分)
what problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?
one trouble with us. agriculture workforce is_
what is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in us farming?
agriculture employers complain about the h-2a visa for its?
which of the following could be the best title for this text?
查看题干arnold schwarzenegger, dia mirza and adrian grenier have a message foryou: it'seasybeatplastic.they're part of a bunch of celebrities staring in a new video for world environmentday-encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples to combat the plastic crisis.ifonlyi'd realized that we can buy our way out of the problem except wecan't.
the key messages that have been put together for world environment day do include a call for governmentstoenactlegislationtocurbsingle-useplastics.buttheoverarchingmessageisdirected at individuals.
my concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs tobe achieved. on their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws,forexample, will accomplish little and require very little of us. they could even be harmful, satisfying aneed to have"done our bit"without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions-akind of "moral licensing"that eases our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those incharge.
while the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centeredon shopping bags and straws, we're ignoring the balance of power that implies that as"consumers" wemust shop sustainably, rather than as "citizens"hold our governments and industries to account topush for real systemic change.
it's important to acknowledge that the environment isn't everyone's priority-or even mostpeople's. we shouldn't expect it to be. in her latest book, why good people do bad environmentalthings, elizabeth r. desombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of largenumbers of people is for the changeto be structural.
this might mean implementing policy such as a plastictax that adds a cost to environmentallyproblematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. india has just announced it will eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022. there are also incentive-based ways ofmaking better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trashdisposal.
desombre isn't saying people should stop caring about the environment. it's just that individualactions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changingwidespread behavior.
none of this is about writing off the individual. it's just about putting things into perspective. wedon't have time to wait. we need progressive policies that shape collective action, alongside engagedcitizens pushing for change.
some celebrities star in a new video to_
the author is concerned that“ moral licensing” may_
by pointing out our identity as“ citizens,” the author indicates that_
de sombre argues that the best way for a collective change should be_
the author concludes that individual efforts_
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read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list a –g for each of the numbered paragraphs (41 –45). there are two extra subheadings whic
h you do not need to use. mark your answers on the answer sheet. (10 points)
??five ways to make conversation with anyone in choosing a new home, camille mcclain's kids have a single demand: a backyard.
??mcclain's little ones aren't the only kids who have an option when it comes to housing, and in many cases youngsters' views weigh heavily on parents' real estate decisions, according to a 2021 harris poll survey of more than 2000 us adults.
??while more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions, reality agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial, personal and long- term effects kids' opinions may have.
??the idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a?sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, and ryan hooper, a clinical psychologist in chicago.
“children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes them from their current school or support system,” he said.
??greg jaroszewski, a real estate brokers with gagliardo realty associates, said he's not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home- but their options should be considered to regards to proximity to friends and social activities, if possible.
??younger children should feel like they're choosing their home- without actually getting a choice in the matter, said adam bailey, a real estate attorney based in new york.
??asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they' re being included in the decision making process, bailey said.
??many of the aspects of home buying aren't a consideration for children, said tracey hampson, a real estate agent based in santa clarita, calif. and placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.
??“speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but i wouldn't base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions.” hampson said.
??the other issue is that many children - especially older ones - may base their real estate knowledge on hgtv shows, said aaron norris of the norris group in riverside , calif .
??“they love chip and joanna gaines just as much as the rest of us,”he said. “hgtv has seriously changed how people view real estate. it's not shelter , it's a lifestyle. with that mindset change come some serious money consequences.”
??kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally, norris said.
??parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time, said julie gurner, a real estate analyst with fitsmallbusiness.com.
??“their opinions can change tomorrow,” gurner said.“harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child’s opinions, but rather made for them with great?consideration into what home can meet their needs best - and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own.”
??this advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.
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translate the following text into chinese. write your translation on the answer sheet.(15 points)it is easy to underestimate english writer james herriot. he had such a pleasant, readable style that are might think that anyone could imitate it. how many times have i heard people say, could write a book, i just haven't the time ”easily said. not so easily done. james herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having writing game” .while he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final polished work that he has to the world was the result of years of practicing, re-writing and reading. like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literacy field was no exception.
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【参照解析为自个的作答评星】掌控程度0~5星，4星及以上该题答复正确，4星以下该题答复差错
suppose professor smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic. write him an email to1) suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and2) tell him your arrangement.you should write about 100 words on the answer sheet.do not use your own name. use“ li ming” instead.do not write your address. (10 points)
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【参照解析为自个的作答评星】掌控程度0~5星，4星及以上该题答复正确，4星以下该题答复差错
write an essay based on the chart below. in your writing, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
you should write about 150 words on the answer sheet. (15 points)
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【参照解析为自个的作答评星】掌控程度0~5星，4星及以上该题答复正确，4星以下该题答复差错
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