2006考研英语一,阅读理解A,Text3(2006考研英语一答案)

2006考研英语一，阅读理解a，text 3

【答题情况】5/5
【错题总结】
没错的，这个文章读起来基本都没有生词
【主观感受】
感觉自己棒棒的，哈哈哈
翻译的时候又把非限制性定语从句翻译成了同位语从句，光凭感觉还是不行啊。
【生词情况】
fishery 渔场
exploitation 开发；榨取；利用
longline 多钩长线
biomass 生物量

【文章翻译】
when prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals: they suddenly became extinct.
史前人类在世界的某个新角落出现时，一些奇异的事件发生在了巨型动物身上：他们突然灭绝了。
smaller species survived.
小型生物幸存了下来。
the large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction.
那些体型巨大且生长缓慢的动物轻易地就被捕获，很快被猎杀至灭亡。
now something similar could be happening in the oceans.
现在，海洋中可能正在发生着类似的情况
that the seas are being overfished has been known for years.
多年来，我们都知道海洋生物一直在被过度捕杀
what researchers such as ransom myers and boris worm have shown is just how fast things are changing.
像rm和bw这样的研究人员仅仅揭示了情势转化有多迅速。
they have looked at half a century of date from fisheries around the world.
他们查看了世界各渔场半个世纪的资料。
their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time.
他们的研究并不是尝试估算某片海域鱼类的实际数量，而是更注重数量随着时间的变化
according to their latest paper published in nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation.
根据他们在自然杂志上最新发表的论文，新开发的渔场的前15年里，大型食肉鱼类的数量平均减少了80%。
in some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.
在那些长期捕鱼的地区，在那之后还要减半。
dr. worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative.
w博士称这些数据还是比较保守的。
one reason for this is that fishing technology has improved.
其中一个原因是现在的捕鱼技术取得了进步。
today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago.
现代轮船可以通过卫星和声纳系统定位目标鱼群，这一点在50年前是不可行的。
that means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.
这意味着更大比例的海洋生物被捕获，所以现在和过去的真正差距可能由于抓捕规模的改变而更大。
in the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish.
早期，多钩长线可以钓到更多鱼
some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past.
一部分鱼可以躲过抓捕，是因为没有合适的鱼钩，这也导致了早期鱼类资源存量的低估
furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish

were lost to sharks after they had been hooked.
而且，早期多钩长线掉到的鱼，也有一大部分被鲨鱼吃了。
that is not a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.
而今这已经不是一个问题，因为现在没那么多鲨鱼了
dr. myers and dr. worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account.
dr. myers and dr. worm认为他们的研究给出了一个未来管理中必须考虑的底线。
they believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline”.
他们相信这些数据验证了当前海洋生物学家之间关于“变化基线”的普遍观点。
the notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past.
这一观点就是一直查看相对较短时期的历史数据导致了人们没能发现在海洋中的大量变化。
that matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels.
这一点之所以重要，是因为理论表明渔场中可持续的海产捕捉量应该使目标生物量保持在原始水平的50%。
most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.
很多渔场都远低于这一水平，这对商业是不利的。