考研考博-英语-我国石油大学(华东)押题密卷趁便答案详解篇1.docx.txt(考研考博考硕士顺序)

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在有钱人区的她考研考博-英语-我国石油大学（华东）押题密卷趁便答案详解（图像巨细可安适调整）全文为word可修改，若为pdf皆为盗版，请稳重收购！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-归纳练习(共50题)1.单选题

howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.unemploymentdoesnothavethesameconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930’swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubstance,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.increasingaffluence,theri查找引擎优化ffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultipleearners,relativelyaffluentfamilies.mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsaretheelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.

yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.theunemploymentcountsexcludethemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemploymentfrequentlyinteracttounderminethecapacityforself-support.sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffers.foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherworkingpart-timebecau查找引擎优化ftheinabilitytofindfull-timework,orel查找引擎优化utsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.finally,incometransfersinourcountryhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandinkindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailinginthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.

asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherhighlevelsofjoblessnesscanbetoleratedormustbecounteredbyjobcreationandeconomicstimulus.thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequateforoneoftheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.

1.whatdoesthe“labormarketproblems”referto?

2.theauthorcontraststhe1930'swiththepresentinordertoshowthat（

）.

3.theauthor'spurposeincitingthosewhoarerepeatedlyunemployedduringayearismostprobablytoshowthat（

）.

4.accordingtothepassage,onefactorthatcausesoursocietytooverestimatethedegreeofeconomichardshipisthe（

）.

疑问1选项

a.atheoverallcausesofpoverty

b.deficienciesinthetrainingoftheworkforce

c.traderelationshipsamongproducersofgoods

d.shortageofjobsprovidingadequateincome

疑问2选项

a.morepeoplewereemployedinthe1930's

b.socialprogramsaremoreneedednow.

c.unemploymentnowhaslesssevereeffects

d.nowthereisagreaterproportion

疑问3选项

a.thereareseveralfactorsthatcausethepaymentoflowwagestosomemembersofthelaborforce

b.unemploymentstatisticscanunderestimatethehardshipthepoorworkerssuffer

c.recurrentunemploymentinthelabormarketcancausehardshipsforindividualworkers

d.amajorityofthosewhoarejoblessatanytimedoesnotsufferseverehardship

疑问4选项

a.recurrenceofperiodsofunemploymentforagroupoflow-wageworkers.

b.factthatunemploymentcountsdonotincludethosewhoworkforlowwages

c.establishmentofasystemofrecordkeepingthatmakesitpossibletocompilepovertystatistics

d.prevalenceofsecondaryearnersamonglow-wageworkersandtheunemployed

【答案】第1题:d

第2题:c

第3题:b

第4题:c



【解析】1.语义题。根据要害词“labormarketproblems”定位到第一段第一句“有多少人因为劳作力商场疑问而遭受意外呢?”下文随即指出“unemploymentdoesnothavethesameconsequencestoday.如今赋闲不会带来相同的成果。”由此可知，这儿的劳作商场疑问指的是赋闲，选项d契合原文。

2.判别推理题。根据下文“不断添加的财富、不止一个收入者的家庭增多、赋闲人群中中等收入者的优势日益闪现，以及社会福利保证的改进，这些都毫无疑问地减轻了赋闲的成果。”由此可揣度，作者是想表达如今的赋闲疑问所带来的影响没有那么严峻。选项c正确。

3.作者意图题。根据题干可以定位到第二段的内容，本段的中心句为期间首句“yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.可是，咱们的社会计算数据在许多方面小看了与劳作力商场有关的困难程度。”接下来进行举例阐明。由此可知，作者说到那些一年内多次赋闲的人，是为了标明计算数据小看了贫穷工人所遭受的磨难，所以选项b正确。

4.判别推理题。原文第一段指出社会计算数据在许多方面夸大了困难的程度，然后在第一段最终一句指出，核算在贫穷计算之内的人大有些是年迈者、残疾人或许因为家庭担负不能进入劳务商场者，因而这些贫穷计算数据根柢就不能精确地反映出劳作力商场所存在的疑问。由此可揣度，之所以会高估经济困难的程度，是因为树立了记载体系，使得撰写贫穷计算数据变成可以，这些数据不必定是真实情况的反映，所以选项c正确。

2.单选题

ican’tworkwithyou（）allthetime.goaway.

疑问1选项

a.steppingonmytoes

b.breathingdownmyneck

c.standinginthegap

d.comingintoyourown

【答案】b

【解析】查询词组分析。a选项steppingonmytoes的原型是steponone’stoes，意思是“触怒或人”；b选项breathingdownmyneck的原型是breathedownone’sneck，意思是“紧跟着，紧盯着”；c选项standinthegap“挺身阻挡；首战之地”；d选项comingintoyourown的原型是comeintoone’sown，意思是“进入旺盛期；得到自个该得的东西”。句意:你一向，我不能作业。走开。根据句意可知，“我”想让对方走开，那么很有可所以因为对方一向在监督自个，所以b选项正确。

3.单选题

thetwoscholarsworkedatthetaskofwritingaprefacetothenewdictionaryforthreehours（）lastnight.

疑问1选项

a.atlength

b.infull

c.onend

d.intime

【答案】c

【解析】查询短语词义分析。选项a:atlength“最终，具体地”；选项b:infull“悉数，充分，足够”；选项c:onend“接连地；竖着”;选项d:intime“及时”。由题意可知，选项c正确。句意:为了给那本新词典写序，这两位专家昨晚接连花了三个小时。

4.填空题

idon’twrite（1）lettersthesedays,justanoccasionalonetoanagingauntofmine.ordinarilyiusee-mailtostayin（2）withpeople.

【答案】1.many

2.touch

【解析】1.语义题。此处用many润饰letters。与前面的否定词don’t连起来标明我迩来没怎么写信。

2.固定分配。stayintouchwith坚持联络。

5.单选题

ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmallwell-oiledcoginthemachinery.theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts.yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerlessthathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob.theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.theirlivesarenolessemptythantho查找引擎优化ftheirsubordinates.theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasforthetightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagain-bythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

amisuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?certainlynot.problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-tho查找引擎优化floveandofreason-aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.by“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis（

）.

2.therealcau查找引擎优化ftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat（

）

3.fromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose（

）.

4.tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould（

）.

5.theauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（

）.

疑问1选项

a.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividualfunctionsinit

b.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

c.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly

d.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

疑问2选项

a.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

b.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

c.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

d.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

疑问3选项

a.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

b.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

c.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

d.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

疑问4选项

a.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

b.offerhigherwagestotheworkerandemployees

c.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

d.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

疑问5选项

a.approval

b.dissatisfaction

c.suspicion

d.tolerance

【答案】第1题:c

第2题:d

第3题:d

第4题:c

第5题:d

【解析】1.主旨粗心题。文章第一句话一般点出主旨粗心。通篇文章都在谈论我们因为对作业没有热情和快乐喜爱而找不到存在感，日子在无量的焦虑之中的实际。所以c选项“社会中毫不重要的一个小有些，尽管悉数运作正常”契合题意。

2.根据文章第二段的最终一句话‘theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.他们日子和去世历来没有面临过人类作为情感和智力独立和有出产力的人存在的根柢实际。’断定真实的缘由是作为“情感与沉着上独立的、赋有创造性的”自个被无视。d选项正确。选项a、b只是有些缘由，不是真实的缘由；c的意思与文章内容相悖。

3.语义估测题。文章第三段最初说到‘thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.theirlivesarenolessemptythantho查找引擎优化ftheirsubordinates.theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.日子在社会上层阶层的人需要面临更为剧烈的竞赛，因而面临着更大的焦虑，一起也更没有平安感‘。所以a和b选项打扫。第三段最终一句说到“thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.一自个需要频频地去证明他不比其竞赛者差或比他非常好，这样频频的焦虑和压力正是人类抑郁和患病的缘由。”，所以c选项打扫。所以正确答案为d。

4.语义了解题。文章最终一段作者说到晓得决办法:isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-tho查找引擎优化floveandofreason-aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.我主张把咱们的社会准则从以最大极限的出产和花费为意图的官僚主义打点的工业主义改动为以人为本的工业主义，在这种工业主义中，人和充分发扬他的潜力---即爱和理性的潜力---是悉数社会组织的方针。作者不附和回到工业改造前的出产方法或是19世纪安适商场本钱主义，所以a和b选项打扫。作者附和旨在激起人类爱和沉着无限潜能的社会作业，所以c选项正确。d选项文章没有提及，打扫。

5.作者观念题。作者提出了因为工业主义后在社会上发生的焦虑，可是文章最终一段，作者并不只是是表达对现状的不满足，而是以宽恕的方法提出非常好的主张来改进现状。所以d选项“宽恕”契合题意。a“附和”和c“置疑”都不契合辞意，打扫。b‘不满’比相片面，打扫。

6.单选题

whenseeninthislight,thelanguagethesereportersuseismorecomplexthanit_____.

疑问1选项

a.needs

b.needsto

c.needstobe

d.needstobeso

【答案】c

【解析】【选项释义】

a.needs需要b.needsto需要

c.needstobe需要d.needstobeso需要这样

【查询点】比照级than的用法。

【解题思路】在than的比照状语从句中，与主句相同有些可以省掉，而不一样有些需要写出；在这个语句中主句是thelanguageismorecomplex（言语愈加凌乱），与从句一起的有些是morecomplex，所以从句需要把主谓写出来，即itneedstobe。因而，该题选择c项正确。

【烦扰项打扫】

a、b选项不契合语法；

d选项不需要加副词so。

【句意】从这个视点看，这些记者运用的言语比需要的愈加凌乱。

7.单选题

thelaughterathisjokesisneverforced,butalways（

）.

疑问1选项

a.homogeneous

b.simultaneous

c.spontaneous

d.instantaneous

【答案】c

【解析】查询描述词分析。homogeneous意为“同性质的，同类的”；simultaneous意为“一起发生的，一起存在的”；spontaneous意为“自觉的”；instantaneous意为“片刻间的”。

句意:他讲笑话时我们历来不是被逼笑的，而是自觉的笑。

8.单选题

thecoriolisforcecausesallmovingprojectilesonearthtobedeflectedfromastraightline.

疑问1选项

a.sprung

b.deviated

c.beretracted

d.beconceived

【答案】b

【解析】查询动词分析。题干defected“违背”；a项“跳，跃”，b项“违背；脱离”，c项“撤回；收回”，d项“想象”，因而选b。句意:科里奥利力致使地球上一切移动的弹丸从直线偏转。

9.单选题

weareinaneraofinformationprocession（）therearegreatopportunitiesforthosewhocanqualify.

疑问1选项

a.which

b.when

c.that

d.where

【答案】d

【解析】查询定语从句。语句前半有些是无缺的语句，而且空格前的先行词为area，因而可得出后边的语句为短少状语的定语从句，即空格处大约填入联络副词，恰当于inanarea，故d项契合正确答案。句意:咱们正处在信息行列中，有许多的机缘等着那些可担任应战的人。

10.单选题

afuturedoctorshouldhaveagenuinedesiretohelppeople.heorshemustdevelopgoodstudyhabitstocompletetheyearsofarduousschoolingahead.

疑问1选项

a.strict

b.unusual

c.enduring

d.laborious

【答案】d

【解析】查询描述词分析。arduous标明“尽力的，吃力的，险峻的”；a项strict“严肃的，必定的，精确的”，b项unusual“不寻常的，异乎寻常的”，c项enduring“耐久的，能忍耐的”，d项laborious“艰苦的，吃力的，勤劳的”。句意:一个将来的医生大约有协助别人的真挚期望；他或她有必要养成杰出的学习习气，以结束往后几年的艰苦学习。因而，根据句意可知d选项正确。

11.单选题

（1）weallhaveguiltypleasures,ourday-to-daydecisionsareusuallygovernedbyadeep-seatedsensethatwewouldbebetteroff（2）ifwefavoredworkoverleisure,necessitiesoverluxuries,andsavingmoneyover（3）spendingit.butwouldwebehappier?

ourresearchshowsthatforgoingindulgencestodaycan（4）strongregretslater,andthatnear-termregretsaboutself-indulgencedramatically（5）withtime.theseresponsesaresostrongthatwewereabletoinfluencepeople’sbuyingbehaviorsimplybyaskingthemto（6）theirlong-termregrets.

oneofourstudies—publishedinthejournalofconsumerresearch—（7）theregretsfeltbycollegestudents（8）theirconductonrecentwinterbreaksandbyalumnirememberingwinterbreaksof40yearsago.regretabout（9）ortraveledmoreduringbreaksincreasedwithtime,whereasregretaboutnothavingworked,studiedorsavedmoneyduringbreaksdecreasedwithtime.wesawa（10）patterninastudyof（11）businesspeopleperceivedpastchoicesbetweenworkandpleasure.overtime,thosewhohadindulgedfelt（12）guiltyabouttheirchoices,whereasthosewhohadbeendutifulexperiencedagrowingsen查找引擎优化fhaving（13）onthepleasuresoflife.

peoplewhoundulyresistself-indulgence（14）fromanexcessivefarsightedness,orhyperopia—therever查找引擎优化ftypicalself-controlproblem.（15）yieldingtotemptation,theyfocuson（16）necessitiesandactingresponsiblyandtheyseeindulgenceaswasteful,irresponsible,andevenimmoral.（17）,theseconsumersavoidpreciselytheproductsandexperiencesthattheymostenjoy.theirhyperopiacaninhibitconsumptioninwaysthatarebothbadfortheirownwell-beingandformarketers’bottomlines.wedon’tadvocate（18）tomotivateconsumptiontomakeill-consideredpurchases,ofcourse,butmarketerscanhelpcustomersmakeappropriatelyindulgentchoicesthatthey’ll—（19）overthelongterm.

inanotherstudy,forthcominginthejournalofmarketingresearch,fifty-sevenconsumerswereasked（20）ofashoppingmalltriptoconsidertwo（21）:buyinganexpensiveitemofclothingthatwouldmakethemhappy,orbuyingacheaperalternativethatwould（22）themtospendthesavedmoneyonmorepracticalthings.halfwerethenaskedtopredictwhichofthetwochoiceswould（23）themthegreatestregretthenextday,whiletheotherhalfwereaskedtoconsidertheregrettheymightfeelovereachpurchaseseveralyearslater.

aftertheshoppingtrip,weexaminedtheconsumers’actualpurchase.aswe（24）,thosewhoanticipatedregretthenextday（25）tobuymorepracticalgoods;thosewhohadconsideredregretinthemoredistantfutureboughtmoreindulgentproducts.inotherwords,thinkingaboutshort-termregretdrivesconsumerstobevirtuous,（26）thinkingaboutlong-termregretleadsthemtobeextravagant.

ourfindingssuggestthatmarketersofluxuryproductsandleisureservicescould（27）frompromptingconsumerstopredicttheirfeelingsinthefutureiftheyforgotheindulgentchoice.forinstance,atravelcompanymightaskcustomerstoconsiderhowthey’llfeelabouthaving（28）afamilyvacationpackageoncethenestisempty.

consumers,too,canbenefitfromsuchprompts.inthewordsofthelatemassachusettssenatorpaultsongas,“nobodyonhisdeathbed（29）said,‘iwishi（30）moretimeattheoffice.’”

疑问1选项

a.though

b.when

c.unless

d.that

疑问2选项

a.inthelongrun

b.inthemeantime

c.intheend

d.intime

疑问3选项

a.deliberately

b.impulsively

c.consciously

d.compulsively

疑问4选项

a.grow

b.increase

c.feed

d.arouse

疑问5选项

a.decrease

b.vanish

c.shrink

d.fade

疑问6选项

a.anticipate

b.realize

c.abandon

d.recall

疑问7选项

a.investigated

b.explored

c.examined

d.involved

疑问8选项

a.on

b.above

c.over

d.with

疑问9选项

a.havingspent

b.nottospend

c.notspending

d.nothavingspent

疑问10选项

a.similar

b.different

c.alike

d.related

疑问11选项

a.how

b.what

c.where

d.why

疑问12选项

a.moreandmore

b.thesame

c.lessandless

d.no

疑问13选项

a.turnedout

b.missedout

c.madeout

d.figuredout

疑问14选项

a.meet

b.undergo

c.endure

d.suffer

疑问15选项

a.ratherthan

b.morethan

c.lessthan

d.otherthan

疑问16选项

a.requiring

b.inquiring

c.acquiring

d.enquiring

疑问17选项

a.infact

b.sofar

c.asaresult

d.atpresent

疑问18选项

a.beingtried

b.try

c.totry

d.trying

疑问19选项

a.regret

b.appreciate

c.decline

d.value5

疑问20选项

a.inpublic

b.inadvance

c.ingeneral

d.indetail

疑问21选项

a.chances

b.opportunities

c.capabilities

d.possibilities

疑问22选项

a.allow

b.lead

c.make

d.demand

疑问23选项

a.attract

b.cause

c.render

d.create

疑问24选项

a.expected

b.knew

c.saw

d.told

疑问25选项

a.inclined

b.liked

c.tended

d.leaned

疑问26选项

a.unless

b.although

c.when

d.whereas

疑问27选项

a.originate

b.derive

c.benefit

d.result

疑问28选项

a.passedup

b.turnedup

c.madeup

d.takenup

疑问29选项

a.even

b.never

c.still

d.ever

疑问30选项

a.spend

b.hadspent

c.spent

d.wouldspend

【答案】第1题:a

第2题:a

第3题:b

第4题:d

第5题:a

第6题:a

第7题:a

第8题:c

第9题:d

第10题:a

第11题:a

第12题:c

第13题:b

第14题:d

第15题:a

第16题:c

第17题:c

第18题:d

第19题:b

第20题:b

第21题:d

第22题:a

第23题:b

第24题:a

第25题:c

第26题:d

第27题:c

第28题:a

第29题:d

第30题:b

【解析】1.【试题解析】查询逻辑联络。选项后“weallhaveguiltypleasures”，中文翻译为:咱们都有罪恶的高兴。下文又说“ourday-to-daydecisionsareusuallygovernedbyadeep-seatedsense…”，中文翻译为:咱们往常的抉择一般是由一种根深柢固的感触所分配的……可知选项处应标明转机，故a项最契合。

2.【试题解析】查询逻辑联络。根据下文呈现的“near-termregrets近期怅惘”“long-termregrets长时刻怅惘”以及“overthelongterm长时刻来看”可知a选项“从长远看”正确。

3.【试题解析】查询副词词义分析。a选项deliberately“成心肠；稳重地”；b选项impulsively“激动地；有推进力地”；c选项consciously“自觉地；有知道地”；d选项compulsively“强行地，强逼地”。联络上文“ifwefavoredworkoverleisure,necessitiesoverluxuries”中文翻译为:假定咱们注重作业而不是休闲、选择必需品而不是奢华品，揣度出空格处选b。

4.【试题解析】查询词义分析。a选项grow“使生长；栽培；拓宽”；b选项increase“添加”；c选项feed“喂食”；d选项arouse“致使”。根据语境和句意，后边分配strongregrets，译为“激烈的怅惘”可知d选项正确。

5.【试题解析】查询逻辑联络。联系后文“whereasregretaboutnothavingworked,studiedorsavedmoneyduringbreaksdecreasedwithtime”，中文粗心为:面关于没有在歇息时刻作业、学习或存钱的怅惘则跟着时刻的推移而削减。因而判别出空格处标明削减的意思，a选项正确。

6.【试题解析】查询词义分析。a选项anticipate“意料，期望”；b选项realize“完成；知道到；晓得”；c选项abandon“遗弃；扔掉”；d选项recall“召回；回想起，记起；撤消”。联络下文“anticipatedregret”意为:意料怅惘，可知a选项正确。

7.【试题解析】查询词义分析。a选项investigate“查询；研讨”；b选项explore“探究；勘探；探险”；c选项examine“查看；检查”；d选项involve“包括；牵涉；使陷于”。由前文“ourstudies”，中文翻译为:咱们的研讨，可知a选项正确。

8.【试题解析】查询固定分配。regretoversth.“对……感到怅惘（或后悔）”，故c选项正确。

9.【试题解析】查询逻辑联络。联系下文whereasregretaboutnothavingworked,studiedorsavedmoney可知d选项正确。

10.【试题解析】查询词义分析。a选项similar“类似的”；b选项different“不一样的；单个的，异乎寻常的”；c选项alike“类似的；相同的”；d选项related“有联络的”。联系下文betweenworkandpleasure“在作业和文娱之间”可知该空格处应标明类似的方法。因而可知a选项正确。

11.【试题解析】查询逻辑联络。联系下文“businesspeopleperceivedpastchoicesbetweenworkandpleasure.”中文翻译为:商人看待在作业和文娱之间曩昔的选择。判别出正确答案为a“如何”。

12.【试题解析】查询逻辑联络。对应下文“whereasthosewhohadbeendutifulexperiencedagrowing”中文翻译为:可是，曩昔尽职的那些人阅历日益增强的……判别出最契合语境句意的选项为c“越来越少的”。

13.【试题解析】查询固定分配。missouton“错失机缘”，故选b。

14.【试题解析】查询逻辑联络。根据下文“anexcessivefarsightedness”中文翻译为:一种过度的远见，可知此处对应d项“遭受”。

15.【试题解析】查询逻辑联络。联络下文“theyfocuson...andactingresponsiblyandtheyseeindulgenceaswasteful,irresponsible,andevenimmoral”中文翻译为:他们专心于……干事担任且他们将放纵当作是浪费的、不担任的甚至不道德的。联系“yieldingtotemptation”“屈从于引诱”判别应选a“而不是”。

16.【试题解析】查询词义。a选项require“需要；需求”；b选项inquire“问询；追查；问明”；c选项acquire“获得；学到；捕获”；d选项enquire“问询；查询；问好”。联系下文necessities“必需品”，可知最佳答案为c。

17.【试题解析】查询逻辑联络。根据下文“theseconsumersavoidpreciselytheproductsandexperiencesthattheymostenjoy”中文翻译为:这些花费者恰恰避开他们极端喜爱的这些产品和阅历，可以判别出选项处应标明“成果”。答案为c。

18.【试题解析】查询固定分配。advocatedoingsth.“建议做某事”，而且此处为主动语态。答案为d。

19.【试题解析】查询词义分析。a选项regret“后悔；怅惘；吊唁”；b选项appreciate“感谢；领会”；c选项decline“谢绝；婉拒”；d选项value“评价；注重”。由上文butmarketerscanhelpcustomersmakeappropriatelyindulgentchoices“可是商场推广者能协助花费者做出恰当放纵的选择”和下文overthelongterm“从长时刻来看”可以估测出答案为b。

20.【试题解析】查询逻辑联络。a选项inpublic“揭露地，当众”；b选项inadvance“预先，提前”；c选项ingeneral“总之”；d选项indetail“具体地”。联系下文aftertheshoppingtrip“在购物之旅后”可以判别出最契合的答案是选项b。

21.【试题解析】查询词义分析。a选项chance“机缘，际遇；命运”；b选项opportunity“机缘，机缘”；c选项capability“才干，才能；功能，容量”；d选项possibility“可以性；可以发生的事物”。联络下文可知正确选项为d。

22.【试题解析】查询固定分配。allowsb.todosth.“答应或人做某事”。可知a选项为最佳答案。

23.【试题解析】查询词义分析。a选项attract“招引”；b选项cause“致使；使遭受；给……带来”；c选项render“致使；提出”；d选项create“创造，创造”。联系后文“thegreatestregret”中文翻译为:最大的怅惘，可知最佳答案为b。

24.【试题解析】查询逻辑联络。联系上文“aftertheshoppingtrip,weexaminedtheconsumers’actualpurchase”中文翻译为:在这个购物之旅后，咱们查看了这些花费者实践收购的东西，可以判别选项a“如咱们所料”正确。

25.【试题解析】查询固定分配。tendtodosth.“倾向于做某事”，联系上下文可知答案为c。

26.【试题解析】查询逻辑联络。a选项unless“除非，假定不”；b选项although“尽管；尽管”；c选项when“当……时”；d选项whereas“可是”。由上文“whereasregretaboutnothavingworked”可知此处大约标明“可是”，故答案为d。

27.【试题解析】查询逻辑联络。联系下文“consumers,too,canbenefitfromsuchprompts.”，中文翻译为:花费者也可以从这些提示中获益，可知c为最佳答案。

28.【试题解析】查询逻辑联络。联络上文“forgotheindulgentchoice”，中文翻译为:扔掉这个放纵的选择，和下文“afamilyvacation”，中文翻译为:一个家庭休假，可知此处应为forgo的近义词，故选a。

29.【试题解析】查询词义。a选项even“甚至，连，即便；愈加”；b选项never“从未；决不”；c选项still“仍然；中止地”；d选项ever“永久；早年；究竟”。联络上文“nobodyonhisdeathbed”中文翻译为:没有人在临终之际，判别出d为最佳答案。

30.【试题解析】查询虚拟口气。根据上文“nobodyonhisdeathbed”中文翻译为:没有人在临终之际，以及空格前的wish可知此处为与曩昔实际相反的虚拟口气，从句的谓语动词用would/couldhavedone。可知答案为b。

12.单选题

fortune-tellersaregoodatmaking（

）statementssuchas"yoursorrowswillchange".

疑问1选项

a.literal

b.ambiguous

c.invalid

d.philosophical

【答案】b

【解析】描述词分析题。literal“文字的，逐字的，无夸大的”；ambiguous“迷糊不清的，致使歧义的”；invalid“无效的，有病的，残废的”；philosophical“哲学的”。由空格后“yoursorrowswillchange”断定本句句意是‘算命者擅长做如“你的哀痛将改动”等迷糊不清的声明。’b选项正确。

13.单选题

she（）andloweredherheadwhenshecouldn'tanswerthequestioninthepresenceofherclassmates.

疑问1选项

a.refuted

b.defied

c.contradicted

d.disputed

【答案】b

【解析】动词词义分析。refute争辩反驳,驳斥;defy寻衅,不遵守,公开抵挡,还有使失利的意思;contradicted争辩反驳,敌对;disputed争论,剧烈争辩。句意:当她不能在同学面前答复疑问时,她感到很失利并低下了头。选项b契合句意。

14.单选题

justasthescientist’sclaimsaboutcloningwereproventobe______andunlikely,sotoowerethemethodsusedtoarriveatthemfoundtobe______andriddledwithfundamentallapsesinthescientificmethod.

疑问1选项

a.implausible…erroneous

b.acrimonious…redundant

c.esoteric…lackadaisical

d.articulate…unwarranted

【答案】a

【解析】【选项释义】

a.implausible…erroneous难以相信的……差错的b.acrimonious…redundant讥讽的，尖刻的……剩下的，过剩的

c.esoteric…lackadaisical浅显难明的……精神萎顿的，精神萎顿的d.articulate…unwarranted发音理解的，谈锋好的……无根据的，无保证的

【答案】a

【查询点】描述词分析。

【解题思路】第一个空格处和unlikely（不可以能的）并排的，所以估测该空格与unlikely意思附近，选项中implausible契合句意；第二个空格根据后边的riddledwithfundamentallapsesinthescientificmethod（充溢着科学办法的根柢性失误）可知，该空格标明“差错的”。因而，该题选择a项契合句意。

【烦扰项打扫】b、c、d项不契合句意。

【句意】正如科学家所说的那样，克隆被证明是难以相信的和不可以能的，克隆进程顶用到的违背科学的根柢办法也是差错的。

15.不定项选择题

“aharmlessdrudge.”ofthedefinitionsinsamueljohnson'sgreatenglishdictionaryof1755,thatof“lexicographer”,hisowncalling,isthemostfamous,anexampleofthesamewitthatledhimtodefine“oats”as“agrain,whichinenglandisgenerallygiventohorses,butinscotlandsupportsthepeople”.

whynamealanguagecolumnafteraharmlessdrudge?becausejohnson,despitethedrudgery,knewthatlanguagewasnotharmless.itspowertoinformandtoleadastray,toentertainandtoannoy,tobuildco-operationordestroyareputation,makeslanguageseriousstuff,theeconomist's“johnson”columnbeganin1992andwaslaterrevivedonline.thisweekitreturnstotheprintedition,andhenceforthwillappearfortnightly.

manyofthetopicstackledarefun:swearingandslang,preferencesandpeeves.somearemorefundamental.languagerevealsalotabouthumannature:howpeoplereasondifferentlyinaforeignlanguage,ortowhatextentdifferentlanguagesencodeaworldview,aresomeofthemostexcitingandcontroversialtopicsinlinguisticresearch.

peoplecareintenselyabouttheirlanguage,andsolanguageinthewiderworldsometimes