并吞这3座英语大山，考研才干好轻松

第一座大山：词义了解

注重熟词生义

单词看着都知道，但做阅览了解时怎么都了解不通，这就是单词的熟词生义，了解的单词有比照偏僻的意义或许在具体语境下有引申义，考研英语特别喜爱考。

suggest

The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions.

suggest，学过的意思是“主张”，但在考研英语中它有“认为，标明”的意思。

研讨作业者认为卷尾猴像人相同，被社会心境所引导。

nature(good-natured)

The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, Paragraph l) implies that resenting unfairness is also monkeys’ nature.

nature(good-natured) ，了解的意思是“天然”，常常考的是“赋性、性质、本质”。

monkeys’ nature 山公的天资

preserve

Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone.

preserve，了解的是用作动词时，“维护，维护，储存”，但在作名词时，是“专有领域”。

义愤的种种感触如同不是人特有的一种情感。

weigh

Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are more inclined to weigh what they get.

weigh，动词，“称重”，考研多是引申意

思，“衡量，权衡”。

雌性卷尾猴被选为研讨目标，很可所以因为它们更倾向于权衡所得。

掌控真题词汇

以2005年第1篇阅览文章为例，正文423个单词，题干+选项180个单词，算计603个单词。一般来说，考生要在1分钟读100个单词，条件当然是要对这些单词一目了然。

看下胡教师从这篇文章中精心挑出的38个单词，假定都知道，那你的英语水平估量在75分以上；假定大有些不知道，那么你的英语还有很悠远的路要走。

• vanish
• slack
• outrage
• underlying
• assumption
• grievance(grieve)
• cute
• good-natured
• creature
• readily
• counterpart
• tend
• characteristics
• candidate
• token
• slice
• cucumber
• adjoin
• Chamber

• observe
• luxury
• reluctant
• mere
• toss
• presence
• induce
• resentment(resent)
• species
• righteous
• indignation
• preserve
• reward
• ancestor
• justify
• temperament
• generous
• companion
• eventually

比方中只需38个单词，而整篇文章有423个单词，只需悉数掌控，文章才干真实读懂。

语块，即言语的预制板。摩天大楼是因为预制板的摆放组合才干拔地而起，一砖一瓦无法快速建成高楼大厦。言语也是如此，假定掌控的单词孤零零星落一地，没有言语预制板概念，是学不好英语的。

1. (fat) pay rise
2. have reputation for
3. all too (2004.4)
4. with the (underlying) assumption that...
5. finely developed
6. above all
7. a piece of
8. a slice of
9. exchange A for B
10. in return for
11. markedly different
12. in exchange for
13. hand over
14. induce resentment
15. in the wild
16. righteous indignation
17. abundantly clear
18. stems from(evolve from)
19. as yet (2004.3)
20. pose a contrast
21. justify an assumption
22. make a comparison
23. explain a phenomenon
24. slack rivals
25. resent unfairness
26. jealous of
27. no (...) other than (2006.2)
28. develop emotions
29. be inclined to (2008.1)
30. attentive to
31. 
    

语块的具体运用：

“MY BOSS hires people with the assumption that we all know our jobs," says a woman who works for a small firm.

But from the very beginning, Android was written with the assumption that one day everyone would use their smartphones as their primary Internet device.

The playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater.（2006, Text 2）

语块不只是指固定短语，而是指更广泛的描述词润饰名词，副词润饰动词，副词润饰描述词等概念。掌控了这些，咱们才干在平常温习中使巧劲。

掌控同义替换

英语中常用近义词、近义词、上义词、下义词、小概念替代大约念、大约念泛指小概念等查询同义替换。

①　creatures / animals / capuchin monkeys / capuchins / species

②　In the world of capuchins, grapes are more preferable tocucumbers.

→ The monkeys prefer grapes to cucumbers.

③　They pay closer attention to the value of their “goods and services” .

→ They are more inclined to weigh what they get.

④　第24题：正话反说

Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.

→ Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.

同义替换能让言语变得五颜六色，所以除了用来操练阅览了解，还可以将其用在作文中，也就是你在做阅览的一起也在学写作，经过这种思路温习，可以事半功倍。

到这儿，信赖同学们对考研英语的词义了解有了概念。假定可以细心结束一篇真题文章，你就能一次收成38个单词，30个语块，逐渐堆集的进程，就是“爬山”的进程。

第二座大山：长难句分析

知其然知其所以然，咱们从源头讲讲长难句。

英语长难句的标准如何界定

美国Rudolf Flesch博士在1946年曾对英语句子长度与文体的联络作过如下数字计算：

Very easy(easy prose,mostly dialogue)：8 words or less

Easy：11 words

Fairly easy：14 words

Standard(average reader)：17 words

Fairly difficult(literary English)：21 words

Difficult：25 words

Very difficult(scientific English)：30 words or more

当一个语句有25个单词时，归于困难，当有30+单词时，归于非常困难，且一般多是科技文献。考研英语的意图恰恰就是查询学生能否顺畅查阅材料文献，能否顺畅表达研讨作用。所以考研英语中长难句许多呈现，是三座大山中最难跨过的一座。

英语长难句的表象从何而来

中文语句，一般多是像竹节相同的简略句，而英语造句首要运用“高楼建筑法”，像盖高楼相同，一层盖一层，一环套一环，逐渐摩天大楼就建起来了。

当咱们把中文翻译成英文时，要像盖楼相同，将一个个短语句摆放组组成一个长句，做到“化零为整”。而当英文翻译成中文时，要破句重组给语句?砂蟆保龅健盎恪薄?/p>

因而做英译汉时，要学会拆分语句，多用短句，判卷教师看到卷面清新，符合中文表达习气，翻译意思到位，不会不给分。

下面看看胡教师从2005年第1篇阅览文章中选择的4个长难句的具体比方。

1.Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.(26 words,第一段)

underlying “潜在的”

with the underlying assumption that 语块，“潜台词是…，言下之意是…”

grievance grieve派生词，“怒火中烧”

2.However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.(31 words,第二段)

when 从句

so that 从句

what 从句

3.And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber.(39 words,第四段)

4.However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.(35 words,第五段)

后边两句同学们自个揣摩操练，胡教师和同学们讲下分析进程，第一步，分析规划；第二步，成分切分；第三步，词义揣摩；第四步，查看核对，究竟抵达中英文了解完全对等的状况。

长难句之省掉句

简略句和并排句一般不构成难度，不再赘述，看看比照有难度的省掉句。

第一段 第2句

(Everybody loves a fat pay rise.) Yet pleasure at your own (pay rise)can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one.

第24题 C和D选项

[C] Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys will not be co-operative if (the monkeys) feeling cheated.

[D] Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys are unhappy when (the monkeys) separated from others.

有输入才会有输出，当你英文读多了看多了，就会晓得语句中省掉了哪些内容。

本着物尽其用的原则，其实一道题可以从不一样视点来分析并有所收成。比方操练长难句，同学们可以在阅览了解中自个画长难句，根据英译汉标准翻译为中文。当翻译的语句满足多，长难句自可是然就被并吞了。

第三座大山：语篇规划掌控

最终是第三座大山，语篇规划掌控。类似数学中点动成线，线动成面，面动成体，英语是单词构成语块，语块构成语句，语句构成语段，语段构成语篇。分析过词义、语块、语句后，咱们来看语段和语篇。

语段中的要害词汇和语句

第1段：转机/比照

Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.

人人都喜爱薪酬暴升。可是假定你得知你火伴的薪酬涨得比你还多，你的那份高兴劲儿就会烟消云散。的确，假定他在我们眼里是个懒散的人，你甚至会愤然大怒。这种行为被认为是“人之常情”，言下之意是说其他动物不会有怒火中烧这种凌乱的情感。可是，佐治亚州亚特兰大市Emory大学的两位专家Sarah Brosnan和Frans de Waal刚刚在《天然》杂志上宣告的研讨作用标明这也是“猴之常情”。

有两个细节要留心下。第一，考研英语根柢都是科技文献材料，常常会引证一些科研专家或机构的研讨结论，具体介绍研讨出处的内容根柢上可以忽略不看，只看结论就行。

第二，考研英语的阅览了解文章根柢都是报刊文章，胡教师在大学教过多年英美文学报刊文章选读，对此很了解。报刊文章最大特征就是开宗明义，一般会在第一段，最晚第二段，把文章中心内容抛出来，因而第一段非常非常要害。

第2-5段：Topic Sentence + Development（主题句+拓宽）

（第2段）

The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.

研讨人员对两只棕色的雌性南美卷尾猴进行了研讨。它们姿势很心爱，性格温文，喜爱协作，乐于共享食物。最重要的是，像人类中的女人相同，它们比公猴更倾向于关怀“货品和效能”的价值。

（第3段）

Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de Waal’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.

正是因为这些特征，它们才成了Brosnan和de Waal博士的最佳研讨目标。研讨人员花了两年时刻教这两只山公如何用东西交流食物。一般情况下，山公们会很高兴用石块交流黄瓜片儿。可是当两只山公被关在相邻的两间独立屋子、让它们能彼此看到对方用石块交流到啥物品时，它们的体现就显着纷歧样了。

（第4段）

In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.

（第5段）

The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.

主题句+拓宽，是英文中经典的期间规划，很直接。主题句一出来，后边一大段就都是环绕着主题句打开的。主张同学们有个3-5分钟的碎片时刻就看一个期间，可以逐渐发生共同并构成习气。

语篇规划掌控

以上举的比方根柢都来自2005年第1篇文章，出处是The Economist（《经济学人》），2003.9.18，标题“Fair and Square”（公正与公正）。

但在考场上，文章不会标明出处与标题，在选用时也会本着对一切专业考生都公正的原则，不倾向某个特定专业，然后选用一般性文章，所以同学们也“单纯”一点，不预设情绪，将自个放在真空中做题，仅安身文章本身，掌控写作意图。

这篇文章的规划还有一个显着特征——首尾照顾。第一段见上文，讲了“人之常情，猴之常情”。最终一句如下，讲“人类和卷尾猴的公正感是各自独立进化的，仍是从一起祖先那里遗传的，当前还没有答案。”构成首尾照顾。

However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.

像阅览了解文章有主题相同，考研也有主题——必定要考研，必定要考上，必定能考上！各位思考一下，怎么做才干在400万考研大军中锋芒毕露呢？

胡教师认为要做4件事。

①删去。考研倒计时190天，如今要学会完全扔掉一些东西。

②削减。有些作业不是首要敌对的首要方面，要掌控好度，恰当削减。

③添加。有些方面则要加强，比方英语听力和口语，不能寄期望于复试前突击练好，不可以能的。传闻并进，读写互通，四项技能全部开进，作用才最佳。

④创造。做历来没有做过的事，为了成功考上名校抢手专业，你要思考怎么把分数考到60+，70+，甚至80+分。

同学们好好想下自个要删去、削减、添加和创造啥，想理解并实施下去，轻装上阵，考研可以好轻松。

最终胡教师期望同学们摆正心态，不要一脸苦大仇深的姿势，把考研这段路看做是人生一场新的旅途，开心度过，坚持训练，养成杰出的饮食习气和日子习气，做到这些，成功就是一件瓜熟蒂落的作业，考研有必要好轻松。