2021考研年英语(一)阅读理解Text3解析(上海新东方)

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As a historian who’s always searching for the text or the image that makesus re-evaluate the past, I’ve become preoccupied with looking for photographsthat show our Victorian ancestors smiling (what better way to shatter the imageof 19th-century prudery?). I’ve found quite a few, and—since I started postingthem on Twitter—they have been causing quite a stir. People have been surprisedto see evidence that Victorians had fun and could, and did, laugh. They arenoting that the Victorians suddenly seem to become more human as thehundred-or-so years that separate us fade away through our co妹妹on experience oflaughter.

Of course, I need to concede that my collection of ‘Smiling Victorians’makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographicportraiture created between 1840 and 1900, the majority of which show sittersposing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absentlyinto the middle distance. How do we explain this trend?

During the 1840s and 1850s, in the early days of photography, exposuretimes were notoriously long: the daguerreotype photographic method (producing animage on a silvered copper plate) could take several minutes to complete,resulting in blurred images as sitters shifted position or adjusted their limbs.The thought of holding a fixed grin as the camera performed its magical dutieswas too much to contemplate, and so a non-co妹妹ittal blank stare became thenorm.

But exposure times were much quicker by the 1880s, and the introduction ofthe Box Brownie and other portable cameras meant that, though slow by today’sdigital standards, the exposure was almost instantaneous. Spontaneous smileswere relatively easy to capture by the 1890s, so we must look elsewhere for anexplanation of why Victorians still hesitated to smile.

One explanation might be the loss of dignity displayed through a cheesygrin. “Nature gave us lips to conceal our teeth,” ran one popular Victoriansaying, alluding to the fact that before the birth of proper dentistry, mouthswere often in a shocking state of hygiene. A flashing set of healthy and clean,regular ‘pearly whites’ was a rare sight in Victorian society, the preserve ofthe super-rich (and even then, dental hygiene was not guaranteed).

A toothy grin (especially when there were gaps or blackened teeth) lackedclass: drunks, tramps, and music hall performers might gurn and grin with asmile as wide as Lewis Carroll’s gum-exposing Cheshire Cat, but it was not abecoming look for properly bred persons. Even Mark Twain, a man who enjoyed ahearty laugh, said that when it came to photographic portraits there could be“nothing more damning than a silly, foolish smile fixed forever”.

31. According to Paragraph 1, the author’s posts on Twitter

A. changed people’s impression of the Victorians.

B. highlighted social media’s role in Victorian studies.

C. re-evaluated the Victorians’ notion of public image.

D. illustrated the development of Victorian photography.

此题为细节揣度题。按照第一段“I’ve found quite a few, and—since I started posting them onTwitter—they have been causing quite a stir. People have been surprised to seeevidence that Victorians had fun and could, and did,laugh.”可以晓得，作者在推特上公布一些维多利亚时代的人物影象以后，引发了至关大的颤动(stir)。后一句具体描述这一颤动“人们很是诧异，本来维多利亚时代的人们也有欢畅，也会大笑。”由此可知A“扭转人们对付维多利亚期间人物的印象”为最好理解。

32. What does author say about the Victorian portraits he hascollected?

A. They are in popular use among historians.

B. They are rare among photographs of that age.

C. They mirror 19th-century social conventions.

D. They show effects of different exposure times.

此题为细节理解题。定位到第二段“Of course, I need to concede that my collection of ‘SmilingVictorians’ makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue ofphotographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900, the majority of whichshow sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, orstaring absently into the middle distance. How do we explain this trend?”表白作者晓得本身的保藏画作仅仅是维多利他期间小小一部门(makes up only a tiny percentage of the vastcatalogue)，阿谁期间大部门的写真都是规矩坐着，不苟言笑，没有生趣。由此可知B选项“他们在阿谁期间的肖像照中少见”为准确理解。

33. What might have kept the Victorians from smiling for pictures in the1890s?

A. Their inherent social


sensitiveness.

B. Their tension before the camera.

C. Their distrust of new inventions.

D. Their unhealthy dental condition.

此题为细节题，题干所问“维多利亚期间人物不笑的缘由”，由此定位到“One explanation might be the loss ofdignity displayed through a cheesy grin. “Nature gave us lips to conceal ourteeth,” ran one popular Victorian saying, alluding to the fact that before thebirth of proper dentistry, mouths were often in a shocking state ofhygiene.”理解为“露齿微笑，一口坏牙，有失庄严”至于为甚么是“cheesygrin”(欠好的牙齿)则在随后诠释，在牙齿科学发生以前，维多利亚时代人们的口腔卫生很使人受惊，代表卫生前提欠好。由此D“他们不康健的齿科情况”为最好理解。

34. Mark Twain is quoted to show that the disapproval of smiles in pictureswas

A. a deep-root belief.

B. a misguided attitude.

C. a controversial view.

D. a thought-provoking idea.

此题为细节理解题。定位到最后一段的“but it was not a becoming look for properly bredpersons.”理解为“对付杰出教化的人来讲，露齿大笑不是符合得体的模样”，是以可知人们很早就有这类观念。是以A“根深蒂固的观念”为最好理解。此题可以用解除法BCD别离为“被误导的立场”、“有争议的观念”和“发人深醒的设法”都分歧理。

35. Which of the following questions does the text answer?

A. Why did most Victorians look stern in photographs?

B. Why did the Victorians start to view photographs?

C. What made photography develop slowly in the Victorian period?

D. How did smiling in photographs become a post-Victorian norm?

此题为大旨大意。全考研在环抱“维多利亚期间人们摄影不笑”来写，随后作者给出了一些诠释。按照话题肯定A“为甚么维多利亚期间的人们在照片中看起来严厉正经?”最符合。