2005年考研英语阅览真题及解析【第三篇】

passage3注解：标题为赤色，翻译为蓝色，分析为绿色。????????of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. in dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. a century ago, freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise”—the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.” and one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. “it’s your dream,” says rosalind cartwright, chair of psychology at chicago’s medical center. “if you don’t like it, change it.”
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1.第一句：least 在此处是little最高档，little在这儿标明否定，故least，也就是翻译成最不，在原文翻译成“最不受控制的”。
2.harness=control
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????????evidence from brain imaging supports this view. the brain is as active during rem (rapid eye movement) sleep—when most vivid dreams occur—as it is when fully awake, says dr. eric nofzinger at the university of pittsburgh. but not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic脑边缘 system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex前额皮层,思维和推理的中心肠带?(the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “we wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day.” says stanford sleep researcher dr. william dement.
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1.limb

ic =marginal，可是limbic是解剖学专业词，专指大脑边缘的
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????????the link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in cartwright’s clinic. most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events—until, it appears, we begin to dream.
????????and this process need not be left to the unconscious. cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. as soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. with much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.
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1.be left to?由……来抉择
2.literally 依照字面意义地，逐字地；真实地（这篇文章选这个意思，很重要，归于熟词辟意），的确地；=really
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????????at the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,” cartwright says. terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. for the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. sleep—or rather dream—on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.
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1.at the end of the day?说穿了，提究竟，说白了
2.therapist专家，其实来历于词therapy，疗法，心思疗法。而therapist就是掌控心思疗法的人。
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一、文章规划分析这是一篇以梦为主题的科普性文章。
文章首要论说了梦可以被控制的现代观念。
文章首段首要回想了传统的有关梦的观念，然后在段末提出了梦的现代观念，也就是这篇文章的主题。
第二至四段用实验研讨实证这一观念，并指出人可以经过操练来削减噩梦。
第五段就梦的性质对不一样的人提出相应的主张。

31. researchers have come to believe that dreams ________.
[a] can be modified in their courses
[b] are susceptible to emotional changes
[c] reflect our innermost desires and fears
[d] are a random outcome of neural repairs
31．研讨者逐步认为梦______。
[a] 在构成进程中可以被改动
[b] 简略遭到心境改变的影响
[c] 反应了咱们心里深处的愿望和惊骇
[d] 是神经批改中偶尔发生的成果

32. by referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show ________.
[a] its function in our dreams
[b] the mechanism of rem sleep
[c] the relation of dreams to emotions
[d] its difference from the prefrontal cortex
32．作者说到脑的边缘体系是为了阐明__________。
[a] 它在咱们梦中发扬的作用
[b] 快速动眼睡觉的机制
[c] 梦和心境间的联络
[d] 它与前额皮层的差异

33. the negative feelings generated during the day tend to ________.
[a] aggravate in our unconscious mind
[b] develop into happy dreams
[c] persist till the time we fall asleep
[d] show up in dreams early at night
33．白日发生的不良心境一般_________。
[a] 在潜知道中加剧
[b] 演化成高兴的梦
[c] 会一向持续到咱们睡着中止
[d] 在夜晚前期的梦中呈现

34. cartwright seems to suggest that ________.
[a] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams
[b] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control
[c] dreams should be left to their natural progression
[d] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious
34．卡特赖特如同在暗示_______。
[a] 及时醒来关于脱节噩梦至关重要
[b] 想象噩梦有助于控制它
[c] 大约让梦天然推进
[d] 做梦可以不完全归于无知道行为

35. what advice might cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?
[a] lead your life as usual.
[b] seek professional help.
[c] exercise conscious control.
[d] avoid anxiety in the daytime.
35．对那些有时作噩梦的人，卡特赖特可以给出的主张是啥？
[a] 像往常相同日子。
[b] 寻求专家协助。
[c] 操练有知道的控制。
[d] 避免白日发生焦虑。
二、中心词汇与超纲词汇1. component n. 构成有些，部件，元件
2. suspend v. 悬挂；暂停，暂缓，使暂时无效
3. formulate v. 想象出，体系地论说
4. thermostat n. 主动调温器
5. disguise 假装，点缀
6. neurologist n. 神经病学家，神经科医生
7. switch v. 改动，转向
8. random adj. 随机的，任意的
9. byproduct n. 副产品
10. regulate v. 调度；打点，控制
11. harness v. 打点，使用；分配，控制
12. recur v. 重复呈现，再发生
13. visualize v. 愿望，想象；使形象化
14. at the end of the day 说穿了，提究竟，说白了
15. limbic adj. 边缘的，脑边缘体系的
16. prefrontal adj. 前额的
17.?cortex?n. (植物的)皮层，树皮，(脑或肾的)皮层，皮质
三、阅览答案：a c d d a四、全文翻译：?????????在睡一个好觉的一切要素中，梦如同是最无法控制的一个。在梦中，窗户通向的世界里，逻辑暂时失掉了功效，死人开口说话。一个世纪前，弗洛伊德论说了改造性的理论，即梦是我们潜知道中的愿望和惊骇经假装后的预示；到了 20 世纪 70 年代晚期，神经病学家们转而认为梦是“精力噪音”，即睡觉时进行的神经批改活动的一种凌乱的副产品。当前，研讨人员猜测梦是大脑情感主动调度体系的构成有些，当大脑处于“掉线”状况时对心境进行调整。一名首要的声威人士说，梦这种异常激烈的精力活动不只能被驾御，实际上，还可以有知道地加以控制，以协助咱们非常好地睡觉和感触。芝加哥医疗中心心思学系主任罗莎琳德·卡特赖特说，“这是你的梦，假定你不喜爱，就改动它。”
????????大脑造影的根据撑持了以上观念。匹兹堡大学的埃里克博士说，在呈现清楚梦境的快速动眼睡觉中大脑和清醒时相同活泼。但并非大脑的一切有些都相同，脑边缘体系(“心境大脑”)异常活泼，而前额皮层(思维和推理的中心肠带)则相对恬静。斯坦福睡觉研讨员威廉·迪蒙特博士说：“咱们从梦中醒来，或许高兴或许沮丧，这些心境会伴随咱们一整天。”
????????梦和心境之间的联络在卡特赖特诊所的患者身上暴显露来了。大大都人如同在晚上入眠的较早期间做更多不好的梦，而在快醒来前会逐步做开心一些的梦，这阐明我们在梦里逐渐战胜了白日的不良心境。因为清醒时咱们的脑筋被往常日子小事占有着，所以并不总想到白日发生的工刁难咱们心境的影响，直到咱们初步做梦，这种影响才呈现。
????????这一进程不必定是无知道的。卡特赖特认为我们可以操练有知道地控制噩梦的重演。你一醒来就马上断定梦中有啥在困惑你，想象一下你所期望的梦的结局，下次再做相同的梦时，企图醒来以控制它的进程。经过多次操练，我们完全可以学会在梦中这样做。
????????卡特赖特说，提究竟，只需梦不使咱们无法睡觉或“从梦中吵醒”，就没有理由太介意所做的梦。惊骇主义、经济不断定及一般的不平安感都添加了我们的焦虑。那些长时刻受噩梦浪费的人大约寻求专家协助，而对其别人来说，大脑有主动消除不良心境的办法。安心睡觉甚至做梦，早上醒来时你会感触许多了。