2021 年考研英语(一)阅读解析西安新东方

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　　2021考研初试12月26~27日进行，2021考研初试情况(点击查看》》2021考研初试真题及答案解析专题)，第一时间为考生提供考研真题答案及答案解析内容，同时新东方考研教师将为考生提供视频直播解析。直播入口|考研真题答案专区

　　二、阅读理解 a 部分:

　　点评:今年英语的阅读内容安排很好。开篇讲了英国铁路系统存在的问题;分析了慈善事业对东南亚某国雨林面积缩小速度的减缓作用;讲了历史人物因为牙黑拍照不爱笑;还有一个组织和美国法院扯皮的故事。最后的新题型紧扣时代主题，列举了人工智能在世界各国各行业的应用。内容覆盖经济生态历史商业科技，深刻体现了英语命题组成员对世界发展现状的关心。

　　2021 年考研英语(一)阅读理解 a 解析

　　新东方大学事业部西安中心 王娟乐(1-2篇)、杨艳琪(3-4篇)

　　text 1

　　how can the train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail passenger fares? it has become a grimly reliable annual ritual: every january the cost of travelling by train rises, imposing a significant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to get to work or otherwise. this year’s rise, an average of 2.7 per cent, may be a fraction lower than last year’s, but it is still well above the official consumer price index (cpi) measure of inflation.

　　successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer. why, the argument goes, should a car-driving pensioner from lincolnshire have to subsidise the daily commute of a stockbroker from surrey? equally, there is a sense that the travails of commuters in the south east, many of whom will face among the biggest rises, have received too much attention compared to those who must endure the relatively poor infrastructure of the midlands and the north.

　　however, over the past 12 months, those commuters have also experienced some of the worst rail strikes in years. it is all very well train operators trumpeting the improvements they are making to the network, but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums they are now paying to travel. the responsibility for the latest wave of strikes rests on the unions. however, there is a strong case that those who have been worst affected by industrial action should receive compensation for the disruption they have suffered.

　　the government has pledged to change the law to introduce a minimum service requirement so that, even when strikes occur, services can continue to operate. this should form part of a wider package of measures to address the long-running problems on britain’s railways. yes, more investment is needed, but passengers will not be willing to pay more indefinitely if they must also endure cramped, unreliable services, punctuated by regular chaos when timetables are changed, or planned maintenance is managed incompetently. the threat of nationalisation may have been seen off for now, but it will return with a vengeance if the justified anger of passengers is not addressed in short order.

　　21. the author holds that this year’s increase in rail passengers fares

　　a. will ease train operation’s burden.

　　b. has kept pace with inflation.

　　c. is a big surprise to commuters.

　　d. remains an unreasonable measure..

　　22. the stockbroker in 2 is used to stand for

　　a. car drivers

　　b. rail travellers

　　c. local investors

　　d. ordinary taxpayers

　　it is indicated in 3 that train operators

　　a. are offering compensations to commuters.

　　b. are trying to repair relations with the unions.

　　c. have failed to provide an adequate service.

　　d. have suffered huge losses owing to the strikes.

　　24. if unable to calm down passengers, the railways may have to face

　　a. the loss of investment.

　　b. the collapse of operations.

　　c. a reduction of revenue.

　　d. a change of ownership.

　　25. which of the following would be the best title for the text?

　　a. who are to blame for the strikes?

　　b. constant complaining doesn't work

　　c. can nationalization bring hope?

　　d. ever-rising fares aren't sustainable

　　【正确答案】21.d 22.b 23.c 24.d 25.d

　　【解析】

　　21.本题的关键词是this year’s increase 和rail passengers fares，定位第一段。根据第一段第一句话，火车运营商如何能够为又一次的火车票涨价辩护，本句中的辩护/使...合理化(justify)和选项d的合理的(reasonable)是原词替换，本句是问句，证明作者在对辩护/使...合理化(justify)持怀疑态度，对应d选项的不合理的(unreasonable)因此答案选d。a选项曲解文意，文章虽然提到了火车运营(train operation)和负担(burden)，但是文章并没有谈到减少火车运营者的负担，故排除。b选项表述与原文不符，原文第一段末句提到高于通货膨胀(above ……inflation)，而不是与通货膨胀速度一致(kept pace with inflation.)，故排除。c选项的出乎意料(surprise)一段没有提及，属于无中生有，排除。

　　22.本题的关键词是stockbroker，定位至第二段第二句。题干问stockbroker代表哪些人。根据原文第二句的表述(the argument goes)，可知第二句和第一句有关，答案要结合第一句。第一句提到，继任政府允许涨价，因为投资和运行铁路网络的成本应该由使用者承担(cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it)，而不是一般的纳税人(rather than the general taxpayer)。而第二句作者反问道，为什么car-driving pensioner要补贴stockbroker呢?由此可stockbroker对应的原文中的用铁路的人(those who use it)，即b. rail travelers 乘铁路的人。其他选项均不符合，故排除。

　　23.题干的关键词是train operator和paragraph 3，定位至第三段第二句。该句提到，火车运营商鼓吹他们已经提升了线路，但是乘客支付了相当多的费用，相应地，就应该获得说的过去的服务(a basic level of service),but一词说明乘客获得的服务并没有运营商鼓吹的那样好。本句与c选项的表述一致，火车运营商没能提供合适的服务(failed to provide adequate service)。a选项正在给通勤者提供赔偿(are offering compensations to commuters)，而三段末句提到应该收到赔偿(should receive compensation),即目前没有赔偿，a选项与原文意思相反，故排除。b选项无中生有，选项b正在试图修复与工会的关系(are trying to repair relations with unions),文章三段第三句提到了工会(union)，但是没有提及修复关系，故排除。d选项偷换主语，d选项火车运营商因罢工已经遭受巨大损失，原文第三段末句提到通勤车遭受损失(they have suffered),这里的they指代原文的乘客(those who have been worst affected by industrial action)，而不是火车运营商，故排除。

　　24.题干的关键词是unable to calm down和railway，定位到原文末段末句。该句指出，国有化的威胁(threat of nationalization)目前是不可见的，但是如果乘客合理的愤怒没有在短期内解决，那么这种威胁将会程度更深地回归。由此可知，国有化的威胁就是选项a所有权的变化(change of ownership)。a选项投资的损失(the loss of investment)，b选项运营的崩溃(the collapse of operations)，c选项收入的减少(a reduction of revenue),都不符合题意，排除。

　　25.题干问文章的最佳标题是什么，考查文章的中心。文章第一段引入了话题乘客票价增加，二段阐述票价增加背后的原因，第三段提到票价增加，而铁路的服务却越来越糟糕，第四段提到政府已经承诺立法改变目前铁路目前糟糕服务，如果乘客的愤怒不解决，那么铁路就要归为国有。由此可见，答案选d不断上涨的票价不是长久之计。其他各项均与中心不符，排除。

　　text 2

　　last year marked the third year in a row of that indonesia’s bleak rate of deforestation has slowed in pace. one reason for the turnaround may be the country’s antipoverty program.

　　in 2007, indonesia started phasing in a program that gives money to its poorest residents under certain conditions, such as requiring people to keep kids in school or get regular medical care. called conditional cash transfers or ccts, these social assistance programs are designed to reduce inequality and break the cycle of poverty. they’re already used in dozens of countries worldwide. in indonesia, the program has provided enough food and medicine to substantially reduce severe growth problems among children.

　　but cct programs don’t generally consider effects on the environment. in fact, poverty alleviation and environmental protection are often viewed as conflicting goals, says paul ferraro, an economist at johns hopkins university.

　　that’s because economic growth can be correlated with environmental degradation, while protecting the environment is sometimes correlated with greater poverty. however, those correlations don’t prove cause and effect. the only previous study analyzing causality, based on an area in mexico that had instituted ccts, supported the traditional view. there, as people got more money, some of them may have more cleared land for cattle to raise for meat, ferraro says.

　　such programs do not have to negatively affect the environment, though. ferraro wanted to see if indonesia’s poverty-alleviation program was affecting deforestation. indonesia has the third-largest area of tropical forest in the world and one of the highest deforestation rates.

　　ferraro analyzed satellite data showing annual forest loss from 2008 to 2012 — including during indonesia’s phase — in of the antipoverty program — in 7,468 forested villages across 15 provinces and multiple islands. the duo separated the effects of the cct program on forest loss from other factors, like weather and macroeconomic changes, which were also affecting forest loss. with that, “we see that the program is associated with a 30 percent reduction in deforestation,” ferraro says.

　　that’s likely because the rural poor are using the money as makeshift insurance policies against inclement weather, ferraro says. typically, if rains are delayed, people may clear land to plant more rice to supplement their harvests. with the ccts, individuals instead can use the money to supplement their harvests.

　　whether this research translates elsewhere is anybody’s guess. ferraro suggests the importance of growing rice and market access. and regardless of transferability, the study shows that what’s good for people may also be good for the value of the avoided deforestation just for carbon dioxide emissions alone is more than the program costs.

　　26. according to the first two paragraphs, cct programs aim to

　　facilitate health care reform.

　　b. help poor families get better off.

　　c. improve local education systems.

　　d. lower deforestation rates.

　　27. the study based on an area in mexico is cited to show that

　　a. cattle rearing has been a major means of livelihood for the poor.

　　b. cct programs have helped preserve traditional lifestyles.

　　c. antipoverty efforts require the participation of local farmers.

　　d. economic growth tends to cause environmental degradation.

　　28. in his study about indonesia, ferraro intends to find out

　　a. its acceptance level of ccts.

　　b. its annual rate of poverty alleviation.

　　c. the relation of ccts to its forest loss.

　　d. the role of its forests in climate change.

　　29. according to ferraro, the cct program in indonesia is most valuable in that

　　a. it will benefit other asian countries.

　　b. it will reduce regional inequality.

　　c. it can protect the environment.

　　d. it can boost grain production.

　　30. what is the text centered on?

　　a. the effects of a program.

　　b. the debates over a program.

　　c. the process of a study.

　　d. the transferability of a study.

　　【正确答案】26.b 27.d 28.c 29.c 30.a

　　【解析】

　　26.题干的关键是是前两段(first two paragraphs)和cct program aim，由此可定位第二段的第二句话，其中be designed to (旨在)是题干aim(目标)的同义改写，本句指出这些社会救济项目旨在减少不平衡(reduce inequality)并且打破贫穷的循环(break the cycle of poverty)，由此可知答案选b帮助贫穷家庭变得更富裕(help poor families to ger better off)。其他选项的表述均不符合题意，排除。

　　27.题干的关键词是mexico(墨西哥), 这是一个例证题，问墨西哥地区的研究被引用是为了表明什么。根据题干的关键词可定位文章第四段，本段中墨西哥例子证明的观点就是本段首句，那是因为经济增长可能与环境退化有关(economic growth can be correlated with environmental degradation),而保护环境有时候与更大的贫穷有关(environment is sometimes correlated with greater poverty),由此可知答案选d，经济增长往往印发环境的退化(economic growth tends to cause environmental degradation)。其他几个选项均不是墨西哥例子证明的观点，故排除。

　　28.题干的关键词是indonesia和ferraro, 定位到文章第五段第二句。该句指出，ferraro想看是否indonesia的扶贫项目影响森林退化(indonesia’s poverty-alleviation program was affecting deforestation)，由此可知答案选c，ccts(即原文的扶贫项目)与森林减少之前的关系。其他选项均不符合题意，排除。

　　29.题干的关键词是most value，定位只原文末段末句，该句指出，研究表明对于人类有益的事情也对避免森林退化(avoided deforestation)有很好的价值，因为仅仅就碳排放(carbine dioxide emission)而言，收益就可以超过这个项目的花费，由此可知避免森林退化和碳排放都与保护环境有关，故答案选c。其他选项均不符合题意，排除。

　　30.题干问本文的中心是什么。文章首段用indonesia的例子引入主题扶贫项目(antipoverty program)，二段介绍该项目的意图，三段和四段讲述项目的可能的负面影响，五段指出该项目不一定会对环境有负面影响，六七段用具体事实证明该项目对环境有利并解释背后的原因，第八段总结上文，该项目会对避免森林退化有很好的价值。因此答案选a。

　　text 3

　　as a historian who’s always searching for the text or the image that makes us re-evaluate the past, i’ve become preoccupied with looking for photographs that show our victorian ancestors smiling (what better way to shatter the image of 19th-century prudery?). i’ve found quite a few, and — since i started posting them on twitter — they have been causing quite a stir. people have been surprised to see evidence that victorians had fun and could, and did, laugh. they are noting that the victorians suddenly seem to become more human as the hundred-or-so years that separate us fade away through our common experience of laughter.

　　of course, i need to concede that my collection of ‘smiling victorians’ makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900, the majority of which show sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absently into the middle distance. how do we explain this trend?

　　during the 1840s and 1850s, in the early days of photography, exposure times were notoriously long: the daguerreotype photographic method (producing an image on a silvered copper plate) could take several minutes to complete, resulting in blurred images as sitters shifted position or adjusted their limbs. the thought of holding a fixed grin as the camera performed its magical duties was too much to contemplate, and so a non-committal blank stare became the norm.

　　but exposure times were much quicker by the 1880s, and the introduction of the box brownie and other portable cameras meant that, though slow by today’s digital standards, the exposure was almost instantaneous. spontaneous smiles were relatively easy to capture by the 1890s, so we must look elsewhere for an explanation of why victorians still hesitated to smile.

　　one explanation might be the loss of dignity displayed through a cheesy grin. “nature gave us lips to conceal our teeth,” ran one popular victorian saying, alluding to the fact that before the birth of proper dentistry, mouths were often in a shocking state of hygiene. a flashing set of healthy and clean, regular ‘pearly whites’ was a rare sight in victorian society, the preserve of the super-rich (and even then, dental hygiene was not guaranteed).

　　a toothy grin (especially when there were gaps or blackened teeth) lacked class: drunks, tramps, and music hall performers might gurn and grin with a smile as wide as lewis carroll’s gum-exposing cheshire cat, but it was not a becoming look for properly bred persons. even mark twain, a man who enjoyed a hearty laugh, said that when it came to photographic portraits there could be “nothing more damning than a silly, foolish smile fixed forever”.

　　31. according to paragraph 1, the author’s posts on twitter___

　　a. changed people’s impression of the victorians.

　　b. highlighted social media’s role in victorian studies.

　　c. re-evaluated the victorians’ notion of public image.

　　d. illustrated the development of victorian photography.

　　32. what does author say about the victorian portraits he has collected?

　　a. they are in popular use among historians.

　　b. they are rare among photographs of that age.

　　c. they mirror 19th-century social conventions.

　　d. they show effects of different exposure times.

　　33. what might have kept the victorians from smiling for pictures in the 1890s?

　　a. their inherent social sensitiveness.

　　b. their tension before the camera.

　　c. their distrust of new inventions.

　　d. their unhealthy dental condition.

　　34. mark twain is quoted to show that the disapproval of smiles in pictures was___

　　a. a deep-root belief.

　　b. a misguided attitude.

　　c. a controversial view.

　　d. a thought-provoking idea.

　　35. which of the following questions does the text answer?

　　a. why did most victorians look stern in photographs?

　　b. why did the victorians start to view photographs?

　　c. what made photography develop slowly in the victorian period?

　　d. how did smiling in photographs become a post-victorian norm?

　　【正确答案】31. a 32.b 33.d 34. a 35. a

　　【解析】

　　31. 具体信息题。根据题干关键词the author’s posts on twitter定位到文章第一段句②。其后句③④说明作者将victorians ancestors smiling的照片放到twitter之后引起人们关注的原因。人们很吃惊地看到victorians有趣和大笑的一面，人们正在注意到victorians突然变得更加像普通人一样。由此可知，人们对victorians的印象由此被改变了。故选【a】改变了人们对victorians的印象。干扰排除:第一段句③④中并未提到b选项的victorian studies，也未曾提到c选项中的the victorians’ notion of public image，因此排除b和c两个选项。d选项的illustrated举例证明victorian摄影的发展，与原文表达不相符，排除。

　　32. 具体信息题。根据题干关键词victorian portraits he has collected定位到文章第二段句①逗号前的部分… my collection of ‘smiling victorians’ makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900，作者所收集的图片仅仅只占了1840至1900年间的一小部分，故选【b】它们在那个年代的照片中是很少见的。干扰排除:定位句并未提及历史学家，不能从作者是历史学家的身份推断得出a选项的内容，因此排除选项a;选项c它们反映了19世纪的社会风俗，在定位句没有这样的表达，排除选项c;选项d的exposure在定位句未提及，排除。

　　33. 具体信息题。根据题干关键词in the 1890s和kept the victorians from smiling for pictures定位到原文第四段句② 逗号之后讲到so we must look elsewhere for an explanation of why victorians still hesitated to smile我们必须从其他方面来解释为什么victorians仍然不笑。而这一段并未告诉说明其他方面的具体内容。第五段句①讲到一个解释可能是loss of dignity displayed through a cheesy grin，但是四个选项均未在此设置。因此再读到第五段的句②③解释到“嘴唇是用来掩饰牙齿的”和“在维多利亚时代几乎见不到‘珍珠一样白’的牙齿”，圆括号里的内容也告诉我们在当时dental hygiene牙齿卫生没有得到保证，故选【d】他们不卫生的牙齿状况。干扰排除:选项a他们固有的社会敏感，选项c他们不相信新发明均未在定位位置提及，故排除。选项b他们在相机面前紧张，camera相机是在第四段句①中提及的信息，但与b选项的内容并不一致，故排除。

　　34. 例证题。根据例子内容mark twain返回原文定位到第六段句②，作为例子它要证明的观点在句①，咧着嘴笑是下等阶层的体现，but之后讲到but it was not a becoming look for properly bred persons但是这与一个家教良好的人的身份不符，说明在照片里笑这件事不被当时受过良好教养的人所欢迎，这是一种根深蒂固的观念，故选a。干扰排除:选项b一种被误导的态度，选项c一个有争议的看法，选项d一个引人深思的想法，都不符合第六段句①要表达的内容，故排除。

　　35. 主旨大意题。第一段讲作者作为一个历史学家收集了一些维多利亚时代人们面带笑容的照片，而他将照片放到社交平台上引起了轩然大波，因为这与人们印象中的维多利亚时代的人们在照片中往往都是一脸严肃的形象大相径庭。在第二段，作者承认自己所收集的照片在那个时代的照片中是极少数的存在，大多数那个时代维多利亚人的照片都是面带严肃的。接下来在第三四五六段都解释了维多利亚时代人们所拍照片都是一脸严肃的原因。故选a为什么大多数维多利亚时代的人们在照片中都看起来一脸严肃?干扰排除:选项b，由原文可知，并非维多利亚时代的人关注照片，而是现在的人们在看他们的照片，故排除;选项c维多利亚时代摄影的发展只是文章第三、四段所关注到的细节信息，不能成为全文主题，故排除;选项d后维多利亚时代也并不是全文关注的主题内容，故排除。

　　text 4

　　from the early days of broadband, advocates for consumers and web-based companies worried that the cable and phone companies selling broadband connections had the power and incentive to favor affiliated websites over their rivals. that’s why there has been such a strong demand for rules that would prevent broadband providers from picking winners and losers online, preserving the freedom and innovation that have been the lifeblood of the internet.

　　yet that demand has been almost impossible to fill—in part because of pushback from broadband providers, anti-regulatory conservatives and the courts. a federal appeals court weighed in again tuesday, but instead of providing a badly needed resolution, it only prolonged the fight. at issue before the u.s. court of appeals for the district of columbia circuit was the latest take of the federal communications commission (fcc) on net neutrality, adopted on a party-line vote in 2017. the republican-penned order not only eliminated the strict net neutrality rules the fcc had adopted when it had a democratic majority in 2015, but rejected the commission’s authority to require broadband providers to do much of anything. the order also declared that state and local governments couldn’t regulate broadband providers either.

　　the commission argued that other agencies would protect against anti-competitive behavior, such as a broadband-providing conglomerate like at&t favoring its own video-streaming service at the expense of netflix and apple tv. yet the fcc also ended the investigations of broadband providers that imposed data caps on their rivals’ streaming services but not their own.

　　on tuesday, the appeals court unanimously upheld the 2017 order deregulating broadband providers, citing a supreme court ruling from 2005 that upheld a similarly deregulatory move. but judge patricia millett rightly argued in a concurring opinion that “the result is unhinged from the realities of modern broadband service,” and said congress or the supreme court could intervene to “avoid trapping internet regulation in technological anachronism.”

　　in the meantime, the court threw out the fcc’s attempt to block all state rules on net neutrality, while preserving the commission’s power to preempt individual state laws that undermine its order. that means more battles like the one now going on between the justice department and california, which enacted a tough net neutrality law in the wake of the fcc’s abdication.

　　the endless legal battles and back-and-forth at the fcc cry out for congress to act. it needs to give the commission explicit authority once and for all to bar broadband providers from meddling in the traffic on their network and to create clear rules protecting openness and innovation online.

　　36. there has long been concern that broadband provides would___

　　a. bring web-based firms under control.

　　b. slow down the traffic on their network.

　　c. show partiality in treating clients.

　　d. intensify competition with their rivals.

　　37. faced with the demand for net neutrality rules, the fcc___

　　a. sticks to an out-of-date order.

　　b. takes an anti-regulatory stance.

　　c. has issued a special resolution.

　　d. has allowed the states to intervene.

　　38. what can be learned about at&t from paragraph 3?

　　a. it protects against unfair competition.

　　b. it engages in anti-competitive practices.

　　c. it is under the fcc’s investigation.

　　d. it is in pursuit of quality service.

　　39. judge patricia millett argues that the appeals court’s decision___

　　a. focuses on trivialities.

　　b. conveys an ambiguous message.

　　c. is at odds with its earlier rulings.

　　d. is out of touch with reality.

　　40. what does the author argue in the last paragraph?

　　a. congress needs to take action to ensure net neutrality.

　　b. the fcc should be put under strict supervision.

　　c. rules need to be set to diversify online services.

　　d. broadband providers’ rights should be protected.

　　【正确答案】36. c 37. b 38. b 39. d 40. a

　　【解析】

　　36. 具体信息题。根据题干关键词broadband providers返回原文在第一段句②，这就是为什么一直以来都强烈需要规则来阻止宽带供应商挑选互联网的优胜者和失败者，正能解决题干中的“长期担忧”，选项c中的partiality“偏袒”与picking winner and losers含义对应，故选【c】表明在对待客户中有偏袒行为。干扰排除:选项a中的web-based firms在第一段句①但未表达对它们的控制，故排除;选项b在文中未提及;选项d中的rivals出现在第一段句①，但未表达加强竞争的含义，故排除。

　　37. 具体信息题。根据题干关键词net neutrality和fcc返回到原文第二段句③，句③未得到与选项相关的信息，故读句④共和党制定的命令不仅取消了fcc在2015年获得民主党多票通过的严格的网络中立规则，同时也拒绝了该委员会要求宽带提供商做任何事情的权力。由此得知面对网络中立规则的要求，fcc采取反监管立场，故选【b】采取反对监管的立场。干扰排除:选项a，文中并未指出该命令过时，故排除;选项c，根据第二段句③but instead of providing a badly needed resolution，并未提供解决方案，故排除;选项d，根据第二段句⑤“该命令还宣布，州和地方政府也无法规范宽带提供商”，并未允许各州进行干预，故排除。

　　38. 具体信息题。根据指定段落第三段和关键词at&t返回到第三段句①。句①讲到委员会认为一些其他机构应该防止反竞争行为，比如一个宽带供应集团at&t，又讲到at&t在损害netflix and apple tv的情况下支持自己的视频数据流服务，故选b它参与了反竞争行为。干扰排除:选项a，它防止不正当竞争，与原文所述防止反竞争行为不相符，故排除;选项c，它受到fcc的调查，fcc结束调查是在本段句②提到的内容，与at&t无关，故排除;选项d的quality service优质服务并不等同于文章中的video-streaming service视频数据流服务，故排除。

　　39. 具体信息题。根据题干关键词the appeals court’s decision 返回原文定位到第四段句①，而judge patricia millett 的观点在第四段句②the result is unhinged from the realities of modern broadband service这一结果与现代宽带业务的现实脱节，故选d脱离了现实。干扰排除:选项a关注琐事，选项b传递了一个模棱两可的信息，选项d与之前的规定不一致，都与原文表达内容不符，故排除。

　　40. 具体信息题。根据指定段落最后一段句①，无尽的法律斗争和反反复复迫切需要congress站出来有所作为。句②具体说明国会需要做的事情，国会需要给该委员会永久的明确授权并且禁止宽带供应商干预它们网络上的流量，设立清晰的规定来保护网络公开和创新。由此得知最后一段主要在呼吁congress采取行动解决需求，故选a。干扰排除:选项b联邦通信委员会应该受到更加严格的监管，在最后一段没有此表述，故排除;选项c需要设置一些规定以使网络服务更加多样，最后一段未提到网络服务的多样化，故排除;选项d宽带供应商的权益应该得到保护，在最后一段未提到，故排除。

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